ReviewPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2014
Extracellular distribution of diffusible growth factors controlled by heparan sulfate proteoglycans during mammalian embryogenesis.
Review in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans: Master Regulators of Cellular Signaling, Tissue Development, and Neural Function.Journal of neuroscience research · 2026Review
- State-Dependent FGF Signaling in Satellite Cell-Mediated Skeletal Muscle Regeneration and Pathological Remodeling.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Heparan sulfate as a central modulator of growth factor dynamics in tissue regeneration.APL bioengineering · 2025Article
- Unraveling the GMACS bio & med chem Au · 2025Article
- Genome-wide screening in human embryonic stem cells identifies genes and pathways involved in the p53 pathway.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Glycosaminoglycans, Instructive Biomolecules That Regulate Cellular Activity and Synaptic Neuronal Control of Specific Tissue Functional Properties.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Glycosaminoglycan microarrays for studying glycosaminoglycan-protein systems.Carbohydrate polymers · 2024Review
- Dissection of N-deacetylase and N-sulfotransferase activities of NDST1 and their effects on Wnt8 distribution and signaling in Xenopus embryos.Development, growth & differentiation · 2024Article
- Succinate metabolism and membrane reorganization drives the endotheliopathy and coagulopathy of traumatic hemorrhage.Science advances · 2023Article
- Bioactivity of human adult stem cells and functional relevance of stem cell-derived extracellular matrix in chondrogenesis.Stem cell research & therapy · 2023Article
- Review
- Into the Tissues: Extracellular Matrix and Its Artificial Substitutes: Cell Signalling Mechanisms.Cells · 2022Review
- Regulation of FGF-2, FGF-18 and Transcription Factor Activity by Perlecan in the Maturational Development of Transitional Rudiment and Growth Plate Cartilages and in the Maintenance of Permanent Cartilage Homeostasis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Placental Tissues as Biomaterials in Regenerative Medicine.BioMed research international · 2022Review
- An Atlas of Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in the Postnatal Rat Lens.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2021Article
- Article
- Extracellular Environment-Controlled Angiogenesis, and Potential Application for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Mechanical Pressure Driving Proteoglycan Expression in Mammographic Density: a Self-perpetuating Cycle?Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2021Review
- Differences in MPS I and MPS II Disease Manifestations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Generation of extracellular morphogen gradients: the case for diffusion.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
During mouse embryogenesis, diffusible growth factors, i.e. fibroblast growth factors, Wnt, bone morphogenetic protein and Hedgehog family members, emanating from localized areas can travel through the extracellular space and reach their target cells to specify the cell fate and form tissue architectures in coordination. However, the mechanisms by which these growth factors travel great distances to their target cells and control the signalling activity as morphogens remain an enigma. Recent studies in mice and other model animals have revealed that heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) located on the cell surface (e.g. syndecans and glypicans) and in the extracellular matrix (ECM; e.g. perlecan and agrin) play crucial roles in the extracellular distribution of growth factors. Principally, the function of HSPGs depends primarily on the fine features and localization of their heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan chains. Cell-surface-tethered HSPGs retain growth factors as co-receptors and/or endocytosis mediators, and enzymatic release of HSPGs from the cell membrane allows HSPGs to transport or move multiple growth factors. By contrast, ECM-associated HSPGs function as a reservoir or barrier in a context-dependent manner. This review is focused on our current understanding of the extracellular distribution of multiple growth factors controlled by HSPGs in mammalian development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.