ReviewCNS drugs2014
Targeting the nicotinic cholinergic system to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: rationale and progress to date.
Review in CNS drugs, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fluoride Exposure and ADHD: A Systematic Review of Epidemiological Studies.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Pooled it
- Nicotine in Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Mechanisms and Clinical Evidence.Neurochemical research · 2026Review
- Leveraging the genetics of psychiatric disorders to prioritize potential drug targets and compounds.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- The Human Alpha3 Beta2 Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Can Form Two Distinguishable Subtypes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The neuroreceptors and transporters underlying spontaneous brain activity.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Cigarette smoking is associated with reduced neuroinflammation and better cognitive control in people living with HIV.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Article
- The effects of methylphenidate and atomoxetine on Drosophila brain at single-cell resolution and potential drug repurposing for ADHD treatment.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Article
- The detect consensus report on Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and its management among Turkish children and adolescents (Detect: consensus report on ADHD among Turkish youth).Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Annual Research Review: Perspectives on progress in ADHD science - from characterization to cause.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2023Review
- Cholinergic blockade of neuroinflammation: from tissue to RNA regulators.Neuronal signaling · 2022Review
- Modelling ADHD-Like Phenotypes in Zebrafish.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2022Review
- Catecholaminergic and cholinergic neuromodulation in autism spectrum disorder: A comparison to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Review
- Neurobiological Insights Into Stress-Induced Attention Deficit.Biological psychiatry · 2020Article
- Characterization of Amphetamine, Methylphenidate, Nicotine, and Atomoxetine on Measures of Attention, Impulsive Action, and Motivation in the Rat: Implications for Translational Research.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Article
- Cell class-specific modulation of attentional signals by acetylcholine in macaque frontal eye field.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
- Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Ligands, Cognitive Function, and Preclinical Approaches to Drug Discovery.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Review
- Exploring the Validity of Proposed Transgenic Animal Models of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).Molecular neurobiology · 2018Review
- The pharmacology of amphetamine and methylphenidate: Relevance to the neurobiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and other psychiatric comorbidities.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2018Review
- ADHD symptoms impact smoking outcomes and withdrawal in response to Varenicline treatment for smoking cessation.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common chronic neurobehavioral disorder related to clinically significant levels of inattention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity. ADHD begins in childhood and symptoms persist into adulthood for the majority of those with the disorder. Associated features of ADHD include emotion dysregulation and cognitive impairments, which contribute to the considerable functional impairments in this disorder. Current approved treatments are reasonably effective; however, a significant need remains for new pharmacotherapies, both for individuals who do not achieve a full therapeutic response and for symptoms that are under-treated including cognition and emotion regulation. The striking relationship between ADHD and cigarette smoking and the known effects of nicotine on cognition has spurred research into the therapeutic potential of nicotinic agents for ADHD. Although there are no approved medications for ADHD that target nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) function, results from many trials of nicotinic drugs are available and reviewed in this article. ADHD symptoms were reduced in the majority of published studies of nicotine and novel α4β2 nicotinic agonists in adult ADHD. The drugs were generally well tolerated, with mild to moderate side effects reported, which were largely consistent with cholinergic stimulation and included nausea, dizziness, and gastrointestinal distress. Within-subject crossover study designs were used in the majority of positive studies. This design may be particularly useful in ADHD trials because it minimizes variability in this notoriously heterogeneous diagnostic group. In addition, many studies found evidence for a beneficial effect of nicotinic stimulation on cognitive and emotional domains. Thus, targeting nAChRs in ADHD appears to have a modest clinical benefit in adult ADHD. Continued refinement of nAChR agonists with greater specificity and fewer side effects may lead to even more effective nAChR agonists for ADHD. Future clinical trials in ADHD should include direct measures of neuropsychological performance and emotion regulation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.