ArticleJournal of neuro-oncology2015
PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2 expression in the chordoma microenvironment.
Article in Journal of neuro-oncology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 46 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Targeted Therapy for Chordoma: Key Molecular Signaling Pathways and the Role of Multimodal Therapy.Targeted oncology · 2021Pooled it
- From Histology to Multi-Omics: Review of Chordoma Classification and Its Clinical Implications.Cells · 2026Review
- Mutational analysis of primary and advanced chordoma tissue using next-generation sequencing.Cancer · 2025Article
- Gas Plasma Technology and Immunogenic Cell Death: Implications for Chordoma Treatment.Cancers · 2025Review
- Cancer-associated fibroblast-mediated immune evasion: molecular mechanisms of stromal-immune crosstalk in the tumor microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Latest Developments in Targeted Biological Therapies in the Management of Chordoma and Chondrosarcoma.Global spine journal · 2025Article
- Immunoexpression of autophagy‑related proteins in a single‑center series of sporadic adult conventional clival chordomas.Oncology letters · 2025Article
- Chordoma cells possess bone-dissolving activity at the bone invasion front.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2024Article
- Integrated Molecular and Histological Insights for Targeted Therapies in Mesenchymal Sinonasal Tract Tumors.Current oncology reports · 2024Review
- Immune microenvironment and immunotherapy for chordoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Role of immunotherapy in treatment refractory chordomas: review of current evidence.Frontiers in surgery · 2024Review
- Animal model considerations for chordoma research: reproducing the tumor microenvironmentFrontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Soluble CD80 oral delivery by recombinant Lactococcus suppresses tumor growth by enhancing antitumor immunity.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2023Article
- The Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Primary CNS Neoplasms: A Review of Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Approaches.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The role of tumor immune microenvironment in chordoma: promising immunotherapy strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Single-cell transcriptome reveals cellular hierarchies and guides p-EMT-targeted trial in skull base chordoma.Cell discovery · 2022Article
- Emerging target discovery and drug repurposing opportunities in chordoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Research hotspots and trends of chordoma: A bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Clinical response to nivolumab in an INI1-deficient pediatric chordoma correlates with immunogenic recognition of brachyury.NPJ precision oncology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Chordomas are rare malignant tumors that are postulated to arise from remnants of the notochord. Currently, the interaction between chordomas and the host immune system is poorly understood. The checkpoint protein, PD-1 is expressed by circulating lymphocytes and is a marker of activation and exhaustion. Its ligands, PD-L1 (B7-H1, CD274) and PD-L2 (B7-DC, CD273), are expressed on a variety of human cancers; however this pathway has not been previously reported in chordomas. We used flow cytometric and RT-PCR analysis in three established primary and recurrent chordoma cell lines (U-CH1, U-CH2, and JHC7) as well as immunohistochemical analysis of chordoma tissues from 10 patients to identify and localize expression of PD-1 pathway proteins. PD-1 ligands are not constitutively expressed by chordoma cells, but their expression is induced in the setting of pro-inflammatory cytokines in all cell lines examined. In paraffin embedded tissues, we found that tumor infiltrating lymphocytes expressed PD-1 in 3/6 cases. We also found that, although chordoma cells did not express significant levels of PD-L1, PD-L1 expression was observed on tumor-infiltrating macrophages and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Our study suggests that PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L2 are present in the microenvironment of a subset of chordomas analyzed. Future studies are needed to evaluate the contribution of the PD-1 pathway to the immunosuppressive microenvironment of chordomas.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.