Trial reportSleep2015
Effect of conditioned stimulus exposure during slow wave sleep on fear memory extinction in humans.
Trial report in Sleep, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- Promoting memory consolidation during sleep: A meta-analysis of targeted memory reactivation.Psychological bulletin · 2020Pooled it
- Efficacy and mechanisms of repeated closed-loop auditory exposure during slow-wave sleep for internet gaming disorder.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Trial
- Augmentation of fear extinction by theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation of the prefrontal cortex in humans.Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN · 2021Trial
- The effects of targeted reactivation on memories cued once or multiple times during a nap.Neuropsychologia · 2025Article
- The network linking daytime sleepiness, chronotype, and emotional distress is bridged by anxiety and depression in young adults.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Slow oscillation-sleep spindle coupling is associated with fear extinction retention in trauma-exposed individuals.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Targeted memory reactivation during sleep improves emotional memory modulation following imagery rescripting.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- Selective Modulation of Fear Memory in Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Temporal dynamics of negative emotional memory reprocessing during sleep.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- Aversive memories can be weakened during human sleep via the reactivation of positive interfering memories.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Article
- Beta spectral power during sleep is associated with impaired recall of extinguished fear.Sleep · 2023Article
- [The past, present and future of sleep medicine in China].Beijing da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Peking University. Health sciences · 2023Review
- Neural correlates of sleep-induced benefits on traumatic memory processing.Human brain mapping · 2023Article
- Updating memories of unwanted emotions during human sleep.Current biology : CB · 2023Article
- The influence of sleep on fear extinction in trauma-related disorders.Neurobiology of stress · 2023Article
- The Impact of Sleep on Fear Extinction.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2023Article
- Article
- Exposure to Olfactory Alcohol Cues During Non-rapid Eye Movement Sleep Did Not Decrease Craving in Patients With Alcohol Dependence.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Targeted Memory Reactivation During REM Sleep in Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesRepeated exposure to a neutral conditioned stimulus (CS) in the absence of a noxious unconditioned stimulus (US) elicits fear memory extinction. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of mild tone exposure (CS) during slow wave sleep (SWS) on fear memory extinction in humans.
designThe healthy volunteers underwent an auditory fear conditioning paradigm on the experimental night, during which tones served as the CS, and a mild shock served as the US. They were then randomly assigned to four groups. Three groups were exposed to the CS for 3 or 10 min or an irrelevant tone (control stimulus, CtrS) for 10 min during SWS. The fourth group served as controls and was not subjected to any interventions. All of the subjects completed a memory test 4 h after SWS-rich stage to evaluate the effect on fear extinction. Moreover, we conducted similar experiments using an independent group of subjects during the daytime to test whether the memory extinction effect was specific to the sleep condition.
participantsNinety-six healthy volunteers (44 males) aged 18-28 y. MEASUREMENTS AND
resultsParticipants exhibited undisturbed sleep during 2 consecutive nights, as assessed by sleep variables (all P > 0.05) from polysomnographic recordings and power spectral analysis. Participants who were re-exposed to the 10 min CS either during SWS and wakefulness exhibited attenuated fear responses (wake-10 min CS, P < 0.05; SWS-10 min CS, P < 0.01).
conclusionsConditioned stimulus re-exposure during SWS promoted fear memory extinction without altering sleep profiles.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.