ArticleAnesthesiology and pain medicine2014
Effect of Sub hypnotic Doses of Propofol and Midazolam for Nausea and Vomiting During Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Section.
Article in Anesthesiology and pain medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06410365 (Impact of Intrathecal Versus Intravenous Dexmedetomidine Adjuvant to Bupivacaine in Elective Cesarian Section), which is not on this map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Impact of Intrathecal Versus Intravenous Dexmedetomidine Adjuvant to Bupivacaine in Elective Cesarian Section
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and associated factors of intraoperative Nausea and Vomiting of mothers who gave birth with cesarean section under regional anesthesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis; 2023.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Pooled it
- Interventions for preventing nausea and vomiting in women undergoing regional anaesthesia for caesarean section.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Effect of remimazolam on oxygen reserve compared with propofol during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: Randomized controlled study.Digestive endoscopy : official journal of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society · 2025Trial
- Comparison of remimazolam and midazolam for preventing intraoperative nausea and vomiting during cesarean section under spinal anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial.Korean journal of anesthesiology · 2024Trial
- A Comparison of Dexmedetomidine and Midazolam for the Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Caused by Hemabate in Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2020Trial
- Effect of fentanyl on nausea and vomiting in cesarean section under spinal anesthesia: a randomized controlled study.The Journal of international medical research · 2019Trial
- Use of propofol for prevention of post-delivery nausea during cesarean section: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.Journal of anesthesia · 2018Trial
- Comparative Efficacy of Different Classes of Antiemetic Medications for the Prevention of Nausea and Vomiting in Cesarean Section: A Network Meta-Analysis.International journal of preventive medicine · 2023Review
- Intravenous Midazolam as More Effective Than Propofol for Preventing Pruritus After Intrathecal Sufentanil in Surgical Patients: A Randomized Blinded Trial.Anesthesiology and pain medicine · 2017Article
- Effect of Ketofol on Pain and Complication after Caesarean Delivery under Spinal Anaesthesia: A Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial.Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR · 2017Article
- Prediction of intraoperative nausea and vomiting in caesarean delivery under regional anaesthesia.The Journal of international medical research · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSpinal anesthesia has been associated with intraoperative nausea and vomiting (IONV), especially during cesarean section, which is attributed to several mechanisms.
objectivesIn the present study, therapeutic and preventive properties of sub hypnotic dose midazolam and propofol and their effects on the occurrence and severity of intraoperative nausea and vomiting during elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia were evaluated. PATIENTS AND
methodsIn a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical trial, 90 parturients, ASA class I and II, aged 20-30 years, who undergone spinal anesthesia for cesarean section were randomly allocated to one of three groups receiving midazolam (1 mg bolus and 0.1 mg/kg/hr, n=30), propofol (20 mg bolus and 0.1 mg/kg/hr, n = 30), and placebo (saline, n=30) intravenously (IV) immediately after umbilical cord clamping. Bupivacaine hydrochloride (10 mg) was used for induction of the anesthesia. Patients' hemodynamics was monitored at 3-minute intervals. Furthermore, intraoperative and post-delivery emetic episodes, severity of emesis, scores of sedation and ephedrine consumption were recorded.
resultsThe incidence of nausea, retching, and vomiting was significantly higher in the control group compared to propofol and midazolam groups. Overall, PONV (postoperative nausea and vomiting) in midazolam group was as low as propofol group without any significant hemodynamic changes as seen in placebo group or even with propofol group.
conclusionsSubhypnotic doses of midazolam or propofol are effective in the prevention of nausea and vomiting during and after cesarean section with spinal anesthesia and does not significantly influence hemodynamic of the patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.