ArticleBMC cancer2014
Elevated CXCL1 expression in breast cancer stroma predicts poor prognosis and is inversely associated with expression of TGF-β signaling proteins.
Article in BMC cancer, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of CXCL1 in cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Cancer biology & therapyPooled it
- CXCL1 in triple‑negative breast cancer: Mechanisms, challenges, and therapeutic opportunities (Review).Oncology reports · 2026Review
- The Significance of CXCL1 in Cancer: An Overview of Molecular Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- BioLM-NET: an interpretable deep learning model combining prior biological knowledge and contextual LLM gene embeddings on multi-omics data to predict disease.Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing. Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing · 2026Article
- TGF-β Receptor Inhibitor SB431542 Enhanced the Sensitivity of Gastric Cancer to 5-Fluorouracil: New Combined Targeted Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Adipocyte-derived IL6 and triple-negative breast cancer cell-derived CXCL1 co-activate STAT3/NF-κB pathway to mediate the crosstalk between adipocytes and triple-negative breast cancer cells.Cell death discovery · 2025Article
- Dual roles of innate immune cells and cytokines in shaping the breast cancer microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- NK cell activity in the tumor microenvironment.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- 3D bioprinted breast cancer model reveals stroma-mediated modulation of extracellular matrix and radiosensitivity.Bioactive materials · 2024Article
- Cancer-associated fibroblasts-derived CXCL1 activates DEC2-mediated dormancy in oral squamous cell carcinoma.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Prognostic Impact of Acute and Chronic Inflammatory Interleukin Signatures in the Tumor Microenvironment of Early Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Identifying subtypes and developing prognostic models based on N6-methyladenosine and immune microenvironment related genes in breast cancer.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Baohuoside I chemosensitises breast cancer to paclitaxel by suppressing extracellular vesicle/CXCL1 signal released from apoptotic cells.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2024Article
- Chemotherapy-elicited extracellular vesicle CXCL1 from dying cells promotes triple-negative breast cancer metastasis by activating TAM/PD-L1 signaling.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2024Article
- The role of CXCL1 in crosstalk between endocrine resistant breast cancer and fibroblast.Molecular biology reports · 2024Article
- Functional delineation of the luminal epithelial microenvironment in breast using cell-based screening in combinatorial microenvironments.Cellular signalling · 2024Article
- Tumor associated macrophages in breast cancer progression: implications and clinical relevance.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- CXCL1 promotes cell migration in hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating the miR-30b-5p/ICAM-1 axis.Journal of Cancer · 2024Article
- TGFβ1 induces CXCL1 to promote stemness features in lung cancer.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2023Article
- Enamel Matrix Derivative Suppresses Chemokine Expression in Oral Epithelial Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCXCL1 is a chemotactic cytokine shown to regulate breast cancer progression and chemo-resistance. However, the prognostic significance of CXCL1 expression in breast cancer has not been fully characterized. Fibroblasts are important cellular components of the breast tumor microenvironment, and recent studies indicate that this cell type is a potential source of CXCL1 expression in breast tumors. The goal of this study was to further characterize the expression patterns of CXCL1 in breast cancer stroma, determine the prognostic significance of stromal CXCL1 expression, and identify factors affecting stromal CXCL1 expression.
methodsStromal CXCL1 protein expression was analyzed in 54 normal and 83 breast carcinomas by immunohistochemistry staining. RNA expression of CXCL1 in breast cancer stroma was analyzed through data mining in http://www.Oncomine.org. The relationships between CXCL1 expression and prognostic factors were analyzed by univariate analysis. Co-immunofluorescence staining for CXCL1, α-Smooth Muscle Actin (α-SMA) and Fibroblast Specific Protein 1 (FSP1) expression was performed to analyze expression of CXCL1 in fibroblasts. By candidate profiling, the TGF-β signaling pathway was identified as a regulator of CXCL1 expression in fibroblasts. Expression of TGF-β and SMAD gene products were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and data mining analysis. The relationships between stromal CXCL1 and TGF-β signaling components were analyzed by univariate analysis. Carcinoma associated fibroblasts isolated from MMTV-PyVmT mammary tumors were treated with recombinant TGF-β and analyzed for CXCL1 promoter activity by luciferase assay, and protein secretion by ELISA.
resultsElevated CXCL1 expression in breast cancer stroma correlated with tumor grade, disease recurrence and decreased patient survival. By co-immunofluorescence staining, CXCL1 expression overlapped with expression of α-SMA and FSP1 proteins. Expression of stromal CXCL1 protein expression inversely correlated with expression of TGF-β signaling components. Treatment of fibroblasts with TGF-β suppressed CXCL1 secretion and promoter activity.
conclusionsIncreased CXCL1 expression in breast cancer stroma correlates with poor patient prognosis. Furthermore, CXCL1 expression is localized to α-SMA and FSP1 positive fibroblasts, and is negatively regulated by TGF-β signaling. These studies indicate that decreased TGF-β signaling in carcinoma associated fibroblasts enhances CXCL1 expression in fibroblasts, which could contribute to breast cancer progression.
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