ArticleChild psychiatry and human development2015
Longitudinal Associations Between Internalizing and Externalizing Comorbidities and Functional Outcomes for Children with ADHD.
Article in Child psychiatry and human development, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of comorbid childhood mental health and neurodevelopmental conditions in the persistence of ADHD symptoms: systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026Pooled it
- A meta-analytic review of the impact of ADHD medications on anxiety and depression in children and adolescents.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Does Delivery Mode Matter? A Randomised Controlled Trial of the Sleeping Sound Intervention: Predicting Sleep Outcomes in Children With ADHD.Journal of attention disorders · 2026Trial
- The effect of phosphatidylserine on behavioral problems in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Randomized Controlled Trial of Exercise for ADHD and Disruptive Behavior Disorders.Medicine and science in sports and exercise · 2016Trial
- Context-Specific Resilience Through a Cultural Lens: Social-Ecological Factors Among Chinese Families of Children with Neurodevelopmental Disabilities.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Cognitive and emotional profiles in children with ASD, ADHD, and comorbid presentations: evidence for a distinct clinical phenotype.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Associations between Parental Protective Factors and Child Behavioral Problems in Children with ADHD and ASD.Journal of developmental and physical disabilities · 2026Article
- Differential alterations of thalamic subregions in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and comorbid internalizing/externalizing disorders.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- The Long-Term Impact of ADHD on Children and Adolescents' Health-Related Quality of Life: Results From a Longitudinal Population-Based Australian Study.Journal of attention disorders · 2025Article
- Exploring the Relationship Between Depression and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Children Using Brain Activity Monitoring.Psychiatry investigation · 2025Article
- Prediction of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder using the comprehensive attention test: a large-scale machine learning approach.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Internalizing-Externalizing Comorbidity and Impaired Functioning in Children.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Relationship between Bullying Victimization and Quality of Life in Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Taiwan: Mediation of the Effects of Emotional Problems and ADHD and Oppositional Defiant Symptoms.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Predictors of Depressive Symptoms in Caregivers of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A One-Year Follow-Up Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Article
- Psychological Status Associated With Low Quality of Life in School-Age Children With Neurodevelopmental Disorders During COVID-19 Stay-At-Home Period.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- Comorbid Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms Among Children with ADHD: The Influence of Parental Distress, Parenting Practices, and Child Routines.Child psychiatry and human development · 2020Article
- Article
- Temperament and Character Profiles Associated with Internalizing and Externalizing Problems in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.Psychiatry investigation · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study examined functional outcomes for children with ADHD by comorbidity status. Children with ADHD (5-13 years) were recruited from 21 pediatric practices and followed up 12 months later (n = 199). Parent and teacher-reported baseline and 12 month surveys measured peer problems, daily functioning, quality of life (QoL), parent mental health, and family QoL. The Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for Children IV assessed mental health comorbidities at baseline. Linear regression models were conducted, adjusting for socio-demographics, ADHD severity, and baseline functioning (where possible). In adjusted analyses, children with ADHD and co-occurring internalizing and externalizing comorbidities had poorer QoL, greater peer problems, and poorer family QoL, compared to children with ADHD alone. The parents of children with ADHD and internalizing and externalizing comorbidities alone, also reported poorer family QoL, compared to children with ADHD alone. Children with ADHD and co-occurring internalizing and externalizing comorbidities appear particularly vulnerable to poorer functioning.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.