ArticleEuropean archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience2015
Risk of dementia in elderly patients with the use of proton pump inhibitors.
Article in European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 104 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
104 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 243 citations in OpenAlex.
- Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Risk of Dementia: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Proton pump inhibitors and risk of hearing loss; a systematic review.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Association between apolipoprotein E ε4 status and the risk of Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis.BMC neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Proton pump inhibitor use: systematic review of global trends and practices.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- No association between acid suppressant use and risk of dementia: an updated meta-analysis.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Proton pump inhibitors use and dementia risk: a meta-analysis of cohort studies.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Association of Proton Pump Inhibitor Use With Incident Dementia and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study.Gastroenterology · 2023Trial
- Risk of dementia from proton pump inhibitor use in Asian population: A nationwide cohort study in Taiwan.PloS one · 2017Trial
- Cognitive impact after short-term exposure to different proton pump inhibitors: assessment using CANTAB software.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2015Trial
- Association of Potentially Inappropriate Medications and Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index with Frailty in Elderly Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Co-administration of calcium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate prevents esomeprazole-induced osteoporosis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Proton Pump Inhibitors Versus H2 Blockers and the Risk of Incident Dementia in Adults Younger Than 65.Cureus · 2026Article
- Article
- Inconsistency in the Association Between Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Dementia Risk: An Updated Meta-Analysis.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Appropriate Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors in Older Adults: Concerns and Solutions.Drugs & aging · 2026Review
- Exposome influences: a multi-omics perspective on the combined toxic effects of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in toxicology · 2026Review
- Causal relationship between proton pump inhibitors and dementia risk: evidence from a Mendelian randomization study.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- Alterations in Gut Microbiota and Stool Properties Following Treatment with Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker and Proton Pump Inhibitor.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2025Article
44 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors at 10 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Drugs that modify the risk of dementia in the elderly are of potential interest for dementia prevention. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used to reduce gastric acid production, but information on the risk of dementia is lacking. We assessed association between the use of PPIs and the risk of dementia in elderly people. Data were derived from a longitudinal, multicenter cohort study in elderly primary care patients, the German Study on Aging, Cognition and Dementia in Primary Care Patients (AgeCoDe), including 3,327 community-dwelling persons aged ≥ 75 years. From follow-up 1 to follow-up 4 (follow-up interval 18 months), we identified a total of 431 patients with incident any dementia, including 260 patients with Alzheimer's disease. We used time-dependent Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios of incident any dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Potential confounders included in the analysis comprised age, sex, education, the Apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) allele status, polypharmacy, and the comorbidities depression, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and stroke. Patients receiving PPI medication had a significantly increased risk of any dementia [Hazard ratio (HR) 1.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-1.83] and Alzheimer's disease (HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.01-2.06) compared with nonusers. Due to the major burden of dementia on public health and the lack of curative medication, this finding is of high interest to research on dementia and provides indication for dementia prevention.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.