ArticlePlant physiology2014
The maize DWARF1 encodes a gibberellin 3-oxidase and is dual localized to the nucleus and cytosol.
Article in Plant physiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers.
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86 citing papers in PubMed, 155 citations in OpenAlex.
- The ga3ox1b mutation reveals the crosstalk between gibberellin and other phytohormones in controlling the growth and development of female flowers in Cucurbita pepo.Journal of experimental botany · 2026Article
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- Identification of Potential Candidate Dwarf Genes in Maize by BSA-Seq and Transcriptomic Analyses.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A Novel Mutation in Maize D1 (Dwarf 1) Confers a Severe Dwarf Phenotype.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Genetic basis of pedicellate spikelet masculinization in maize revealed by an advanced maize-teosinte population.Planta · 2026Article
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- Callus and endosperm green fluorescence reporter-assisted selection system in maize CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing.BMC plant biology · 2025Article
- A maize mutant in the glutamate receptor-like dwarf13 is modified by cis-acting natural variation and a cornichon homolog.PLoS genetics · 2025Article
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- ThePlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Unlocking grass leaf development: foundations for tunable cereal design.The New phytologist · 2025Review
- miR156-SPLs module regulates flowering and controls plant height by modulating gibberellin biosynthesis in citrus.Plant biotechnology journal · 2025Article
- Comparing hormone dynamics in cereal crops via transient expression of hormone sensors.Plant & cell physiology · 2025Article
- Gibberellins: extending the Green Revolution.Journal of experimental botany · 2025Review
- The Identification of a Single-Base Mutation in the MaizePlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Plant Signaling Hormones and Transcription Factors: Key Regulators of Plant Responses to Growth, Development, and Stress.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Genetic Diversity Analysis and GWAS of Plant Height and Ear Height in Maize Inbred Lines from South-East China.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Maize-Tripsacum-Teosinte allopolyploid (MTP), a novel dwarf mutant inducer tool in maize.Plant biotechnology journal · 2025Article
- Gibberellin-mediated internode elongation in grasses with a focus on bamboo: molecular pathways and regulatory networks.Frontiers in plant science · 2025Review
- The mutation of ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase, a key enzyme involved in gibberellin biosynthesis, confers a dwarf phenotype to cucumber.TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2024Review
26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The maize (Zea mays) gibberellin (GA)-deficient mutant dwarf1 (d1) displays dwarfism and andromonoecy (i.e. forming anthers in the female flower). Previous characterization indicated that the d1 mutation blocked three steps in GA biosynthesis; however, the locus has not been isolated and characterized. Here, we report that D1 encodes a GA 3-oxidase catalyzing the final step of bioactive GA synthesis. Recombinant D1 is capable of converting GA20 to GA1, GA20 to GA3, GA5 to GA3, and GA9 to GA4 in vitro. These reactions are widely believed to take place in the cytosol. However, both in vivo GFP fusion analysis and western-blot analysis of organelle fractions using a D1-specific antibody revealed that the D1 protein is dual localized in the nucleus and cytosol. Furthermore, the upstream gibberellin 20-oxidase1 (ZmGA20ox1) protein was found dual localized in the nucleus and cytosol as well. These results indicate that bioactive GA can be synthesized in the cytosol and the nucleus, two compartments where GA receptor Gibberellin-insensitive dwarf protein1 exists. Furthermore, the D1 protein was found to be specifically expressed in the stamen primordia in the female floret, suggesting that the suppression of stamen development is mediated by locally synthesized GAs.
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