ReviewEye (London, England)2015
Compartmentalization of extraocular muscle function.
Review in Eye (London, England), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of slanted lateral rectus recession on pediatric patients with convergence insufficiency intermittent exotropia.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Laterality Targeting in Graded Inferior Rectus Tenotomy Corrects Lateral Incomitance of Hypertropia in Sagging Eye Syndrome.American journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Functional anatomy of the orbit in strabismus surgery: Connective tissues, pulleys, and the modern surgical implications of the "arc of contact" paradigm.Journal of anatomy · 2024Review
- Neuromuscular Junction Development Differs Between Extraocular and Skeletal Muscles and Between Different Extraocular Muscles.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Improvement in health-related quality of life with Botulinum toxin A injection in acquired superior oblique palsy.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Does Surgical Resection of Horizontal Extraocular Muscles Disrupt Ocular Proprioceptors?Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Article
- Reduced activity of vertically acting motoneurons during convergence.Journal of neurophysiology · 2022Article
- Slanted recession on bilateral lateral rectus for the treatment of intermittent Exotropia with convergence insufficiency.BMC ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Complexity of skeletal muscle degeneration: multi-systems pathophysiology and organ crosstalk in dystrophinopathy.Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2021Review
- The oblique extraocular muscles in cetaceans: Overall architecture and accessory insertions.Journal of anatomy · 2021Article
- Finite Element Model of Ocular Adduction by Active Extraocular Muscle Contraction.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2021Article
- Functional Anatomy of Muscle Mechanisms: Compensating Vertical Heterophoria.American journal of ophthalmology · 2021Article
- Comparison of lateral and medial rectus muscle in human: an anatomical study with particular emphasis on morphology, intramuscular innervation pattern variations and discussion on clinical significance.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2020Article
- Functional anatomy of extraocular muscles during human vergence compensation of horizontal heterophoria.Journal of neurophysiology · 2019Article
- Normal Anatomy and Anomalies of the Rectus Extraocular Muscles in Human: A Review of the Recent Data and Findings.BioMed research international · 2019Review
- Non-commutative, nonlinear, and non-analytic aspects of the ocular motor plant.Progress in brain research · 2019Article
- Translation and eccentric rotation in ocular motor modeling.Progress in brain research · 2019Article
- Early Intervention and Nonpharmacological Therapy of Myopia in Young Adults.Journal of ophthalmology · 2018Review
- Isolated schwannoma involving extraocular muscles.Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus · 2016Article
- Compartmental Innervation of the Superior Oblique Muscle in Mammals.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Ocular motor diversity exceeds capabilities of only six extraocular muscles (EOMs), but this deficiency is overcome by the plethora of fibers within individual EOMs surpassing requirements of homogeneous actuators. This paper reviews emerging evidence that regions of individual EOMs can be differentially innervated to exert independent oculorotary torques, broadening the oculomotor repertoire, and potentially explaining diverse strabismus pathophysiology. Parallel structure characterizes EOM and tendon fibers, with little transverse coupling of experimentally imposed or actively generated tension. This arrangement enables arbitrary groupings of tendon and muscle fibers to act relatively independently. Coordinated force generation among EOM fibers occurs only upon potentially mutable coordination of innervational commands, whose central basis is suggested by preliminary findings of apparent compartmental segregation of abducens motor neuron pools. Humans, monkeys, and other mammals demonstrate separate, nonoverlapping intramuscular nerve arborizations in the superior vs inferior compartments of the medial rectus (MR) and lateral rectus (LR) EOMs that could apply force at the superior vs inferior portions of scleral insertions, and in the medial vs lateral compartments of the superior oblique that act at the equatorial vs posterior scleral insertions that might preferentially implement incycloduction vs infraduction. Magnetic resonance imaging of the MR during several physiological ocular motor behaviors indicates differential compartmental function. Differential compartmental pathology can influence clinical strabismus. Partial abducens palsy commonly affects the superior LR compartment more than the inferior, inducing vertical strabismus that might erroneously be attributed to cyclovertical EOM pathology. Surgery may selectively manipulate EOM compartments.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.