ArticleFrontiers in behavioral neuroscience2014
Early life stress and macaque amygdala hypertrophy: preliminary evidence for a role for the serotonin transporter gene.
Article in Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- The cortisol axis and psychiatric disorders: an updated review.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2025Review
- Genotypic variation in the promoter region of the CRH-248 gene interacts with early rearing experiences to disrupt the development of the HPA axis in infant rhesus macaques (Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Article
- Early life adversities and lifelong health outcomes: A review of the literature on large, social, long-lived nonhuman mammals.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2023Review
- Effects of social rank and pubertal delay on brain structure in female rhesus macaques.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2023Article
- Effects of neonatal rearing by different types of foster mother on the distribution of corticotropin-releasing factor neurons in the central amygdaloid nucleus in rats.Experimental brain research · 2022Article
- Maternal depressive symptoms, neonatal white matter, and toddler social-emotional development.Translational psychiatry · 2022Article
- Childhood Trauma, the HPA Axis and Psychiatric Illnesses: A Targeted Literature Synthesis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Review
- Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder modulate polygenic predictors of hippocampal and amygdala volume.Translational psychiatry · 2021Article
- Article
- Early-life stress alters affective behaviors in adult mice through persistent activation of CRH-BDNF signaling in the oval bed nucleus of the stria terminalis.Translational psychiatry · 2020Article
- Early Life Stress and Pediatric Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.Brain sciences · 2020Review
- Amygdala growth from youth to adulthood in the macaque monkey.The Journal of comparative neurology · 2019Article
- Observed infant-parent attachment and brain morphology in middle childhood- A population-based study.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2019Article
- Early Secure Attachment as a Protective Factor Against Later Cognitive Decline and Dementia.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2019Review
- Developmental Trajectories of Early Life Stress and Trauma: A Narrative Review on Neurobiological Aspects Beyond Stress System Dysregulation.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2019Review
- Early Life Stress, Mood, and Anxiety Disorders.Chronic stress (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2017Article
- Childhood Cumulative Risk Exposure and Adult Amygdala Volume and Function.Journal of neuroscience research · 2016Article
- Brain Structural and Vascular Anatomy Is Altered in Offspring of Pre-Eclamptic Pregnancies: A Pilot Study.AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology · 2016Article
- Patterns of anterior versus posterior white matter fractional anistotropy concordance in adult nonhuman primates: Effects of early life stress.Journal of affective disorders · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 10 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundChildren exposed to early life stress (ELS) exhibit enlarged amygdala volume in comparison to controls. The primary goal of this study was to examine amygdala volumes in bonnet macaques subjected to maternal variable foraging demand (VFD) rearing, a well-established model of ELS. Preliminary analyses examined the interaction of ELS and the serotonin transporter gene on amygdala volume. Secondary analyses were conducted to examine the association between amygdala volume and other stress-related variables previously found to distinguish VFD and non-VFD reared animals.
methodsTwelve VFD-reared and nine normally reared monkeys completed MRI scans on a 3T system (mean age = 5.2 years).
resultsLeft amygdala volume was larger in VFD vs. control macaques. Larger amygdala volume was associated with: "high" cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of corticotropin releasing-factor (CRF) determined when the animals were in adolescence (mean age = 2.7 years); reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) of the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) during young adulthood (mean age = 5.2 years) and timid anxiety-like responses to an intruder during full adulthood (mean age = 8.4 years). Right amygdala volume varied inversely with left hippocampal neurogenesis assessed in late adulthood (mean age = 8.7 years). Exploratory analyses also showed a gene-by-environment effect, with VFD-reared macaques with a single short allele of the serotonin transporter gene exhibiting larger amygdala volume compared to VFD-reared subjects with only the long allele and normally reared controls.
conclusionThese data suggest that the left amygdala exhibits hypertrophy after ELS, particularly in association with the serotonin transporter gene, and that amygdala volume variation occurs in concert with other key stress-related behavioral and neurobiological parameters observed across the lifecycle. Future research is required to understand the mechanisms underlying these diverse and persistent changes associated with ELS and amygdala volume.
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