ArticleThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2014
Endogenous cholinergic input to the pontine REM sleep generator is not required for REM sleep to occur.
Article in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed.
- Ictal SPECT Imaging Findings in Parkinson's Disease with Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2025Article
- Emerging Functions of Neuromodulation during Sleep.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Review
- Neuro-orchestration of sleep and wakefulness.Nature neuroscience · 2023Review
- Pedunculopontine-induced cortical decoupling as the neurophysiological locus of dissociation.Psychological review · 2023Article
- Differential pharmacological and sex-specific effects of antimuscarinic agents at the hypoglossal motor nucleus in vivo in rats.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Regulation of REM sleep by inhibitory neurons in the dorsomedial medulla.Current biology : CB · 2022Article
- Article
- Neural and Homeostatic Regulation of REM Sleep.Frontiers in psychology · 2020Review
- Ventrolateral periaqueductal gray mediates rapid eye movement sleep regulation by melanin-concentrating hormone neurons.Neuroscience · 2019Article
- Circuit mechanisms and computational models of REM sleep.Neuroscience research · 2019Review
- Pathway-Dependent Regulation of Sleep Dynamics in a Network Model of the Sleep-Wake Cycle.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2019Article
- Molecular Mechanisms of REM Sleep.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2019Review
- A resource of potential drug targets and strategic decision-making for obstructive sleep apnoea pharmacotherapy.Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2017Review
- Neural Circuitry of Wakefulness and Sleep.Neuron · 2017Review
- Cholinergic, Glutamatergic, and GABAergic Neurons of the Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus Have Distinct Effects on Sleep/Wake Behavior in Mice.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2017Article
- Circuit-based interrogation of sleep control.Nature · 2016Review
- The anatomical, cellular and synaptic basis of motor atonia during rapid eye movement sleep.The Journal of physiology · 2016Review
- Structural and functional considerations of the cholinergic brainstem.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2016Review
- Neuroscience: A Distributed Neural Network Controls REM Sleep.Current biology : CB · 2016Article
- TASK Channels on Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons Modulate Electrocortical Signatures of Arousal by Histamine.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Initial theories of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep generation posited that induction of the state required activation of the pontine subceruleus (SubC) by cholinergic inputs. Although the capacity of cholinergic neurotransmission to contribute to REM sleep generation has been established, the role of cholinergic inputs in the generation of REM sleep is ultimately undetermined as the critical test of this hypothesis (local blockade of SubC acetylcholine receptors) has not been rigorously performed. We used bilateral microdialysis in freely behaving rats (n = 32), instrumented for electroencephalographic and electromyographic recording, to locally manipulate neurotransmission in the SubC with select drugs. As predicted, combined microperfusion of D-AP5 (glutamate receptor antagonist) and muscimol (GABAA receptor agonist) in the SubC virtually eliminated REM sleep. However, REM sleep was not reduced by scopolamine microperfusion in this same region, at a concentration capable of blocking the effects of cholinergic receptor stimulation. This result suggests that transmission of REM sleep drive to the SubC is acetylcholine-independent. Although SubC cholinergic inputs are not majorly involved in REM sleep generation, they may perform a minor function in the reinforcement of transitions into REM sleep, as evidenced by increases in non-REM-to-REM sleep transition duration and failure rate during cholinergic receptor blockade. Cholinergic receptor antagonism also attenuated the normal increase in hippocampal θ oscillations that characterize REM sleep. Using computational modeling, we show that our in vivo results are consistent with a mutually excitatory interaction between the SubC and cholinergic neurons where, importantly, cholinergic neuron activation is gated by SubC activity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.