Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25339213›Full record

ArticleNeurology2014

Protective environmental factors for neuromyelitis optica.

Jennifer Graves, Siri Grandhe, Kelley Weinfurtner, Lauren Krupp, Anita Belman, Tanuja Chitnis, Jayne Ness, Bianca Weinstock-Guttman, Mark Gorman, Marc Patterson and 10 more

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Article in Neurology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
1.5field-weighted citation impact, top 19% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Jennifer GravesFrom the Department of Neurology (J.G., K.W., E.W.), University of California, San Francisco; Virginia Commonwealth Medical School (S.G.); Lourie Center for Pediatric MS (L.K., A.B.), Stony Brook Children's Hospital, NY; Partners MS Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School; UAB Center for Pediatric Onset Demyelinating Disease (J.N.), Children's Hospital of Alabama; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, SUNY Buffalo, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Diseases Program (M.G.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Mayo Clinic's Pediatric MS Center (M.P., M.R.), Rochester, MN; Blue Bird Circle Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Houston; Pediatric MS Center at Loma Linda University Children's Hospital (G.A.), CA; Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.M.M.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pediatrics (J.W.R., T.S., T.C.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (J.J.), Oklahoma City; and Department of Pediatrics (E.W.), UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital. Jennifer.Graves@ucsf.edu.
Siri GrandheFrom the Department of Neurology (J.G., K.W., E.W.), University of California, San Francisco; Virginia Commonwealth Medical School (S.G.); Lourie Center for Pediatric MS (L.K., A.B.), Stony Brook Children's Hospital, NY; Partners MS Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School; UAB Center for Pediatric Onset Demyelinating Disease (J.N.), Children's Hospital of Alabama; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, SUNY Buffalo, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Diseases Program (M.G.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Mayo Clinic's Pediatric MS Center (M.P., M.R.), Rochester, MN; Blue Bird Circle Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Houston; Pediatric MS Center at Loma Linda University Children's Hospital (G.A.), CA; Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.M.M.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pediatrics (J.W.R., T.S., T.C.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (J.J.), Oklahoma City; and Department of Pediatrics (E.W.), UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital.
Kelley WeinfurtnerFrom the Department of Neurology (J.G., K.W., E.W.), University of California, San Francisco; Virginia Commonwealth Medical School (S.G.); Lourie Center for Pediatric MS (L.K., A.B.), Stony Brook Children's Hospital, NY; Partners MS Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School; UAB Center for Pediatric Onset Demyelinating Disease (J.N.), Children's Hospital of Alabama; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, SUNY Buffalo, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Diseases Program (M.G.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Mayo Clinic's Pediatric MS Center (M.P., M.R.), Rochester, MN; Blue Bird Circle Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Houston; Pediatric MS Center at Loma Linda University Children's Hospital (G.A.), CA; Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.M.M.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pediatrics (J.W.R., T.S., T.C.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (J.J.), Oklahoma City; and Department of Pediatrics (E.W.), UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital.
Lauren KruppFrom the Department of Neurology (J.G., K.W., E.W.), University of California, San Francisco; Virginia Commonwealth Medical School (S.G.); Lourie Center for Pediatric MS (L.K., A.B.), Stony Brook Children's Hospital, NY; Partners MS Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School; UAB Center for Pediatric Onset Demyelinating Disease (J.N.), Children's Hospital of Alabama; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, SUNY Buffalo, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Diseases Program (M.G.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Mayo Clinic's Pediatric MS Center (M.P., M.R.), Rochester, MN; Blue Bird Circle Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Houston; Pediatric MS Center at Loma Linda University Children's Hospital (G.A.), CA; Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.M.M.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pediatrics (J.W.R., T.S., T.C.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (J.J.), Oklahoma City; and Department of Pediatrics (E.W.), UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital.
Anita BelmanFrom the Department of Neurology (J.G., K.W., E.W.), University of California, San Francisco; Virginia Commonwealth Medical School (S.G.); Lourie Center for Pediatric MS (L.K., A.B.), Stony Brook Children's Hospital, NY; Partners MS Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School; UAB Center for Pediatric Onset Demyelinating Disease (J.N.), Children's Hospital of Alabama; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, SUNY Buffalo, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Diseases Program (M.G.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Mayo Clinic's Pediatric MS Center (M.P., M.R.), Rochester, MN; Blue Bird Circle Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Houston; Pediatric MS Center at Loma Linda University Children's Hospital (G.A.), CA; Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.M.M.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pediatrics (J.W.R., T.S., T.C.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (J.J.), Oklahoma City; and Department of Pediatrics (E.W.), UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital.
Tanuja ChitnisFrom the Department of Neurology (J.G., K.W., E.W.), University of California, San Francisco; Virginia Commonwealth Medical School (S.G.); Lourie Center for Pediatric MS (L.K., A.B.), Stony Brook Children's Hospital, NY; Partners MS Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School; UAB Center for Pediatric Onset Demyelinating Disease (J.N.), Children's Hospital of Alabama; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, SUNY Buffalo, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Diseases Program (M.G.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Mayo Clinic's Pediatric MS Center (M.P., M.R.), Rochester, MN; Blue Bird Circle Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Houston; Pediatric MS Center at Loma Linda University Children's Hospital (G.A.), CA; Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.M.M.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pediatrics (J.W.R., T.S., T.C.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (J.J.), Oklahoma City; and Department of Pediatrics (E.W.), UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital.
Jayne NessFrom the Department of Neurology (J.G., K.W., E.W.), University of California, San Francisco; Virginia Commonwealth Medical School (S.G.); Lourie Center for Pediatric MS (L.K., A.B.), Stony Brook Children's Hospital, NY; Partners MS Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School; UAB Center for Pediatric Onset Demyelinating Disease (J.N.), Children's Hospital of Alabama; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, SUNY Buffalo, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Diseases Program (M.G.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Mayo Clinic's Pediatric MS Center (M.P., M.R.), Rochester, MN; Blue Bird Circle Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Houston; Pediatric MS Center at Loma Linda University Children's Hospital (G.A.), CA; Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.M.M.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pediatrics (J.W.R., T.S., T.C.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (J.J.), Oklahoma City; and Department of Pediatrics (E.W.), UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital.
Bianca Weinstock-GuttmanFrom the Department of Neurology (J.G., K.W., E.W.), University of California, San Francisco; Virginia Commonwealth Medical School (S.G.); Lourie Center for Pediatric MS (L.K., A.B.), Stony Brook Children's Hospital, NY; Partners MS Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School; UAB Center for Pediatric Onset Demyelinating Disease (J.N.), Children's Hospital of Alabama; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, SUNY Buffalo, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Diseases Program (M.G.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Mayo Clinic's Pediatric MS Center (M.P., M.R.), Rochester, MN; Blue Bird Circle Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Houston; Pediatric MS Center at Loma Linda University Children's Hospital (G.A.), CA; Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.M.M.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pediatrics (J.W.R., T.S., T.C.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (J.J.), Oklahoma City; and Department of Pediatrics (E.W.), UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital.
Mark GormanFrom the Department of Neurology (J.G., K.W., E.W.), University of California, San Francisco; Virginia Commonwealth Medical School (S.G.); Lourie Center for Pediatric MS (L.K., A.B.), Stony Brook Children's Hospital, NY; Partners MS Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School; UAB Center for Pediatric Onset Demyelinating Disease (J.N.), Children's Hospital of Alabama; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, SUNY Buffalo, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Diseases Program (M.G.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Mayo Clinic's Pediatric MS Center (M.P., M.R.), Rochester, MN; Blue Bird Circle Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Houston; Pediatric MS Center at Loma Linda University Children's Hospital (G.A.), CA; Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.M.M.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pediatrics (J.W.R., T.S., T.C.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (J.J.), Oklahoma City; and Department of Pediatrics (E.W.), UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital.
Marc PattersonFrom the Department of Neurology (J.G., K.W., E.W.), University of California, San Francisco; Virginia Commonwealth Medical School (S.G.); Lourie Center for Pediatric MS (L.K., A.B.), Stony Brook Children's Hospital, NY; Partners MS Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School; UAB Center for Pediatric Onset Demyelinating Disease (J.N.), Children's Hospital of Alabama; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, SUNY Buffalo, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Diseases Program (M.G.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Mayo Clinic's Pediatric MS Center (M.P., M.R.), Rochester, MN; Blue Bird Circle Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Houston; Pediatric MS Center at Loma Linda University Children's Hospital (G.A.), CA; Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.M.M.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pediatrics (J.W.R., T.S., T.C.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (J.J.), Oklahoma City; and Department of Pediatrics (E.W.), UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital.
Moses RodriguezFrom the Department of Neurology (J.G., K.W., E.W.), University of California, San Francisco; Virginia Commonwealth Medical School (S.G.); Lourie Center for Pediatric MS (L.K., A.B.), Stony Brook Children's Hospital, NY; Partners MS Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School; UAB Center for Pediatric Onset Demyelinating Disease (J.N.), Children's Hospital of Alabama; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, SUNY Buffalo, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Diseases Program (M.G.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Mayo Clinic's Pediatric MS Center (M.P., M.R.), Rochester, MN; Blue Bird Circle Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Houston; Pediatric MS Center at Loma Linda University Children's Hospital (G.A.), CA; Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.M.M.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pediatrics (J.W.R., T.S., T.C.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (J.J.), Oklahoma City; and Department of Pediatrics (E.W.), UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital.
Tim LotzeFrom the Department of Neurology (J.G., K.W., E.W.), University of California, San Francisco; Virginia Commonwealth Medical School (S.G.); Lourie Center for Pediatric MS (L.K., A.B.), Stony Brook Children's Hospital, NY; Partners MS Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School; UAB Center for Pediatric Onset Demyelinating Disease (J.N.), Children's Hospital of Alabama; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, SUNY Buffalo, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Diseases Program (M.G.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Mayo Clinic's Pediatric MS Center (M.P., M.R.), Rochester, MN; Blue Bird Circle Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Houston; Pediatric MS Center at Loma Linda University Children's Hospital (G.A.), CA; Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.M.M.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pediatrics (J.W.R., T.S., T.C.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (J.J.), Oklahoma City; and Department of Pediatrics (E.W.), UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital.
Gregory AaenFrom the Department of Neurology (J.G., K.W., E.W.), University of California, San Francisco; Virginia Commonwealth Medical School (S.G.); Lourie Center for Pediatric MS (L.K., A.B.), Stony Brook Children's Hospital, NY; Partners MS Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School; UAB Center for Pediatric Onset Demyelinating Disease (J.N.), Children's Hospital of Alabama; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, SUNY Buffalo, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Diseases Program (M.G.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Mayo Clinic's Pediatric MS Center (M.P., M.R.), Rochester, MN; Blue Bird Circle Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Houston; Pediatric MS Center at Loma Linda University Children's Hospital (G.A.), CA; Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.M.M.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pediatrics (J.W.R., T.S., T.C.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (J.J.), Oklahoma City; and Department of Pediatrics (E.W.), UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital.
Ellen M MowryFrom the Department of Neurology (J.G., K.W., E.W.), University of California, San Francisco; Virginia Commonwealth Medical School (S.G.); Lourie Center for Pediatric MS (L.K., A.B.), Stony Brook Children's Hospital, NY; Partners MS Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School; UAB Center for Pediatric Onset Demyelinating Disease (J.N.), Children's Hospital of Alabama; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, SUNY Buffalo, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Diseases Program (M.G.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Mayo Clinic's Pediatric MS Center (M.P., M.R.), Rochester, MN; Blue Bird Circle Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Houston; Pediatric MS Center at Loma Linda University Children's Hospital (G.A.), CA; Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.M.M.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pediatrics (J.W.R., T.S., T.C.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (J.J.), Oklahoma City; and Department of Pediatrics (E.W.), UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital.
John W RoseFrom the Department of Neurology (J.G., K.W., E.W.), University of California, San Francisco; Virginia Commonwealth Medical School (S.G.); Lourie Center for Pediatric MS (L.K., A.B.), Stony Brook Children's Hospital, NY; Partners MS Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School; UAB Center for Pediatric Onset Demyelinating Disease (J.N.), Children's Hospital of Alabama; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, SUNY Buffalo, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Diseases Program (M.G.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Mayo Clinic's Pediatric MS Center (M.P., M.R.), Rochester, MN; Blue Bird Circle Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Houston; Pediatric MS Center at Loma Linda University Children's Hospital (G.A.), CA; Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.M.M.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pediatrics (J.W.R., T.S., T.C.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (J.J.), Oklahoma City; and Department of Pediatrics (E.W.), UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital.
Timothy SimmonsFrom the Department of Neurology (J.G., K.W., E.W.), University of California, San Francisco; Virginia Commonwealth Medical School (S.G.); Lourie Center for Pediatric MS (L.K., A.B.), Stony Brook Children's Hospital, NY; Partners MS Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School; UAB Center for Pediatric Onset Demyelinating Disease (J.N.), Children's Hospital of Alabama; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, SUNY Buffalo, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Diseases Program (M.G.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Mayo Clinic's Pediatric MS Center (M.P., M.R.), Rochester, MN; Blue Bird Circle Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Houston; Pediatric MS Center at Loma Linda University Children's Hospital (G.A.), CA; Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.M.M.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pediatrics (J.W.R., T.S., T.C.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (J.J.), Oklahoma City; and Department of Pediatrics (E.W.), UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital.
T Charles CasperFrom the Department of Neurology (J.G., K.W., E.W.), University of California, San Francisco; Virginia Commonwealth Medical School (S.G.); Lourie Center for Pediatric MS (L.K., A.B.), Stony Brook Children's Hospital, NY; Partners MS Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School; UAB Center for Pediatric Onset Demyelinating Disease (J.N.), Children's Hospital of Alabama; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, SUNY Buffalo, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Diseases Program (M.G.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Mayo Clinic's Pediatric MS Center (M.P., M.R.), Rochester, MN; Blue Bird Circle Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Houston; Pediatric MS Center at Loma Linda University Children's Hospital (G.A.), CA; Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.M.M.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pediatrics (J.W.R., T.S., T.C.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (J.J.), Oklahoma City; and Department of Pediatrics (E.W.), UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital.
Judith JamesFrom the Department of Neurology (J.G., K.W., E.W.), University of California, San Francisco; Virginia Commonwealth Medical School (S.G.); Lourie Center for Pediatric MS (L.K., A.B.), Stony Brook Children's Hospital, NY; Partners MS Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School; UAB Center for Pediatric Onset Demyelinating Disease (J.N.), Children's Hospital of Alabama; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, SUNY Buffalo, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Diseases Program (M.G.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Mayo Clinic's Pediatric MS Center (M.P., M.R.), Rochester, MN; Blue Bird Circle Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Houston; Pediatric MS Center at Loma Linda University Children's Hospital (G.A.), CA; Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.M.M.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pediatrics (J.W.R., T.S., T.C.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (J.J.), Oklahoma City; and Department of Pediatrics (E.W.), UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital.
Emmanuelle WaubantFrom the Department of Neurology (J.G., K.W., E.W.), University of California, San Francisco; Virginia Commonwealth Medical School (S.G.); Lourie Center for Pediatric MS (L.K., A.B.), Stony Brook Children's Hospital, NY; Partners MS Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School; UAB Center for Pediatric Onset Demyelinating Disease (J.N.), Children's Hospital of Alabama; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, SUNY Buffalo, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Diseases Program (M.G.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Mayo Clinic's Pediatric MS Center (M.P., M.R.), Rochester, MN; Blue Bird Circle Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.L.), Texas Children's Hospital, Houston; Pediatric MS Center at Loma Linda University Children's Hospital (G.A.), CA; Multiple Sclerosis Center (E.M.M.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pediatrics (J.W.R., T.S., T.C.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (J.J.), Oklahoma City; and Department of Pediatrics (E.W.), UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital.
US Network of Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Centers
Mayo Clinic · US

Funding

UCSF/Kaiser-DOR Program for Developing Independent Women's Health ResearchersK12HD052163 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI ADLER, NANCY E, BRINDIS, CLAIRE D. · 2005 to 2023
$9.3M
Pre-Clinical Studies to Identify SLE Therapeutic TargetsU19AI082714 · NIAID · OKLAHOMA MEDICAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION · PI GAFFNEY, PATRICK M · 2009 to 2018
$6.2M
Environmental and genetic risk factors for pediatric MSR01NS071463 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI WAUBANT, EMMANUELLE LAURENCE · 2010 to 2015
$2.8M
Understanding early events in lupus autoimmunity to aid preventionU01AI101934 · NIAID · OKLAHOMA MEDICAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION · PI JAMES, JUDITH A · 2012 to 2016
$2.3M
NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI101934NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI082714NICHD NIH HHS 5K12HD052163NICHD NIH HHS K12 HD052163NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS071463NINDS NIH HHS R01NS071463
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo determine whether early environmental factors, such as cesarean delivery, breastfeeding, and exposure to smoking or herpes viruses, are associated with neuromyelitis optica (NMO) risk in children.

methodsThis is a case-control study of pediatric NMO, multiple sclerosis (MS), and healthy subjects. Early-life exposures were obtained by standardized questionnaire. Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus 1 antibody responses were determined by ELISA. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to adjust for age at sampling, sex, race, and ethnicity.

resultsEarly-life exposures were obtained from 36 pediatric subjects with NMO, 491 with MS, and 224 healthy controls. Daycare (odds ratio [OR] 0.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.14, 0.78; p < 0.01) and breastfeeding (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.18, 0.99; p = 0.05) were associated with lower odds of having NMO compared with healthy subjects. Cesarean delivery tended to be associated with 2-fold-higher odds of NMO compared with having MS/clinically isolated syndrome (OR 1.98, 95% CI 0.88, 4.59; p = 0.12) or with being healthy (OR 1.95, 95% CI 0.81, 4.71; p = 0.14). Sera and DNA were available for 31 subjects with NMO, 189 with MS, and 94 healthy controls. Epstein-Barr virus, herpes simplex virus 1, cytomegalovirus exposure, and being HLA-DRB1*15 positive were not associated with odds of having NMO compared with healthy subjects.

conclusionsExposure to other young children may be an early protective factor against the development of NMO, as previously reported for MS, consistent with the hypothesis that infections contribute to disease risk modification. Unlike MS, pediatric NMO does not appear to be associated with exposures to common herpes viruses.

Indexed as

Breast FeedingChild Day Care CentersEnvironmentAdolescentCase-Control StudiesChildFemaleHerpesvirus 1, HumanHerpesvirus 4, HumanHumansMaleNeuromyelitis OpticaSmokingSurveys and Questionnaires

Identifiers

PMID25339213
PMCPMC4248458
OpenAlexW2055006861

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.