ArticleOncotarget2014
Intratumoral administration of mRNA encoding a fusokine consisting of IFN-β and the ectodomain of the TGF-β receptor II potentiates antitumor immunity.
Article in Oncotarget, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Apolipoprotein Fusion Enables Spontaneous Functionalization of mRNA Lipid Nanoparticles with Antibody for Targeted Cancer Therapy.ACS nano · 2025Article
- In Situ Tumor Vaccination Using Lipid Nanoparticles to Deliver Interferon-β mRNA Cargo.Vaccines · 2025Article
- mRNA cancer vaccines from bench to bedside: a new era in cancer immunotherapy.Biomarker research · 2024Review
- mRNA Vaccine Nanoplatforms and Innate Immunity.Viruses · 2024Review
- mRNA vaccines: a new era in vaccine development.Oncology research · 2024Review
- In vitro modelling of local gene therapy with IL-15/IL-15Rα and a PD-L1 antagonist in melanoma reveals an interplay between NK cells and CD4Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Intratumoral injection of IL-12-encoding mRNA targeted to CSFR1 and PD-L1 exerts potent anti-tumor effects without substantial systemic exposure.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2023Article
- Intratumoral immunotherapy with mRNAs encoding chimeric protein constructs encompassing IL-12, CD137 agonists, and TGF-β antagonists.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2023Article
- mRNA-From COVID-19 Treatment to Cancer Immunotherapy.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Lipid nanoparticles-loaded with toxin mRNA represents a new strategy for the treatment of solid tumors.Theranostics · 2023Article
- RNA in Cancer Immunotherapy: Unlocking the Potential of the Immune System.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2022Review
- Tumor-Mediated Neutrophil Polarization and Therapeutic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Advances in Development of mRNA-Based Therapeutics.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2022Article
- The Current Landscape of mRNA Vaccines Against Viruses and Cancer-A Mini Review.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- mRNA-Based Cancer Vaccines: A Therapeutic Strategy for the Treatment of Melanoma Patients.Vaccines · 2021Review
- mRNA therapeutics in cancer immunotherapy.Molecular cancer · 2021Review
- Clinical and immunological effects of mRNA vaccines in malignant diseases.Molecular cancer · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
It is generally accepted that the success of immunotherapy depends on the presence of tumor-specific CD8⁺ cytotoxic T cells and the modulation of the tumor environment. In this study, we validated mRNA encoding soluble factors as a tool to modulate the tumor microenvironment to potentiate infiltration of tumor-specific T cells. Intratumoral delivery of mRNA encoding a fusion protein consisting of interferon-β and the ectodomain of the transforming growth factor-β receptor II, referred to as Fβ², showed therapeutic potential. The treatment efficacy was dependent on CD8⁺ T cells and could be improved through blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 interactions. In vitro studies revealed that administration of Fβ² to tumor cells resulted in a reduced proliferation and increased expression of MHC I but also PD-L1. Importantly, Fβ² enhanced the antigen presenting capacity of dendritic cells, whilst reducing the suppressive activity of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. In conclusion, these data suggest that intratumoral delivery of mRNA encoding soluble proteins, such as Fβ², can modulate the tumor microenvironment, leading to effective antitumor T cell responses, which can be further potentiated through combination therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.