ArticlePloS one2014
Non-hodgkin lymphoma risk and insecticide, fungicide and fumigant use in the agricultural health study.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 160 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cancer incidence in agricultural workers: Findings from an international consortium of agricultural cohort studies (AGRICOH).Environment international · 2021Pooled it
- Insecticide use and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes: A subset meta-analysis of the North American Pooled Project.International journal of cancer · 2020Pooled it
- Animal farming and the risk of lymphohaematopoietic cancers: a meta-analysis of three cohort studies within the AGRICOH consortium.Occupational and environmental medicine · 2019Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of glyphosate exposure and risk of lymphohematopoietic cancers.Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B, Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes · 2016Pooled it
- Not just splitting hairs-monitoring environmental chemical exposures, their biological effects and their social determinants with hair shafts and follicles: a narrative review.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2026Review
- Cancer disparities: an extensive review.Ecancermedicalscience · 2026Review
- European Code Against Cancer, 5th edition - occupational exposures and cancer.Molecular oncology · 2026Review
- Risk factors of Esophageal Cancer in Punjab- A Case Control Study.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2025Article
- Organochlorine pesticide use and mosaic loss of chromosome Y in a study of male farmers.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Carbaryl use and incident cancer in the Agricultural Health Study: an updated analysis.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2025Article
- Occupational pesticide use and relative leukocyte telomere length in the biomarkers of exposure and effect in agriculture study.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Antifungal effect and some properties of cell-free supernatants of two Bacillus subtilis isolates against Fusarium verticillioides.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2024Article
- Analyzing socio-environmental determinants of bone and soft tissue cancer in Indonesia.BMC cancer · 2024Article
- Isolation of a novelFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Limosilactobacillus reuteri as sustainable biological control agent against toxigenic Fusarium verticillioides.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2023Article
- Review
- Pesticides and Bladder Cancer: Mechanisms Leading to Anti-Cancer Drug Chemoresistance and New Chemosensitization Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- An Adverse Outcome Pathway Network for Chemically Induced Oxidative Stress Leading to (Non)genotoxic Carcinogenesis.Chemical research in toxicology · 2023Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Farming and pesticide use have previously been linked to non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and multiple myeloma (MM). We evaluated agricultural use of specific insecticides, fungicides, and fumigants and risk of NHL and NHL-subtypes (including CLL and MM) in a U.S.-based prospective cohort of farmers and commercial pesticide applicators. A total of 523 cases occurred among 54,306 pesticide applicators from enrollment (1993-97) through December 31, 2011 in Iowa, and December 31, 2010 in North Carolina. Information on pesticide use, other agricultural exposures and other factors was obtained from questionnaires at enrollment and at follow-up approximately five years later (1999-2005). Information from questionnaires, monitoring, and the literature were used to create lifetime-days and intensity-weighted lifetime days of pesticide use, taking into account exposure-modifying factors. Poisson and polytomous models were used to calculate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to evaluate associations between 26 pesticides and NHL and five NHL-subtypes, while adjusting for potential confounding factors. For total NHL, statistically significant positive exposure-response trends were seen with lindane and DDT. Terbufos was associated with total NHL in ever/never comparisons only. In subtype analyses, terbufos and DDT were associated with small cell lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia/marginal cell lymphoma, lindane and diazinon with follicular lymphoma, and permethrin with MM. However, tests of homogeneity did not show significant differences in exposure-response among NHL-subtypes for any pesticide. Because 26 pesticides were evaluated for their association with NHL and its subtypes, some chance finding could have occurred. Our results showed pesticides from different chemical and functional classes were associated with an excess risk of NHL and NHL subtypes, but not all members of any single class of pesticides were associated with an elevated risk of NHL or NHL subtypes. These findings are among the first to suggest links between DDT, lindane, permethrin, diazinon and terbufos with NHL subtypes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.