ArticlePloS one2014
Holding thermal receipt paper and eating food after using hand sanitizer results in high serum bioactive and urine total levels of bisphenol A (BPA).
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 196 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bisphenol A and the risk of cardiometabolic disorders: a systematic review with meta-analysis of the epidemiological evidence.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2015Pooled it
- Determining EDC exposure: direct analytical methods are essential for accurate analysis of human biospecimens.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Protective effects of panax ginseng against bisphenol a-induced testicular toxicity in rats.International journal of impotence research · 2026Article
- Sustainable thermal paper formulation using lignocellulosic biomass fractions.Science advances · 2026Article
- Intergenerational and transgenerational effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the offspring brain development and behavior.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- The impact of Bisphenol-A on human reproductive health.Toxicology reports · 2024Review
- Toxicological Impact of Bisphenol A on Females' Reproductive System: Review Based on Experimental and Epidemiological Studies.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2024Review
- The Conflict between Regulatory Agencies over the 20,000-Fold Lowering of the Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) for Bisphenol A (BPA) by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
- Development of an On-Column Trace Enrichment Method for the Determination of Sub-International journal of analytical chemistry · 2024Article
- Microbiota analysis for risk assessment of xenobiotic exposure and the impact on dysbiosis: identifying potential next-generation probiotics.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2023Article
- Article
- Migration of BPA from Food Packaging and Household Products on the Croatian Market.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Detection of bisphenol A in thermal paper receipts and assessment of human exposure: A case study from Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.PloS one · 2023Article
- Relation of urinary bisphenol concentration and diabetes or prediabetes in French adults: A cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2023Article
- The effect of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on placental development.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Food by Coulometric Array Detector: A Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Article
- Bisphenol-A analogs induce lower urinary tract dysfunction in male mice.Biochemical pharmacology · 2022Article
- Effect of Cosmetics Use on the In Vitro Skin Absorption of a Biocide, 1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one.Toxics · 2022Article
- Article
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupting environmental contaminant used in a wide variety of products, and BPA metabolites are found in almost everyone's urine, suggesting widespread exposure from multiple sources. Regulatory agencies estimate that virtually all BPA exposure is from food and beverage packaging. However, free BPA is applied to the outer layer of thermal receipt paper present in very high (∼20 mg BPA/g paper) quantities as a print developer. Not taken into account when considering thermal paper as a source of BPA exposure is that some commonly used hand sanitizers, as well as other skin care products, contain mixtures of dermal penetration enhancing chemicals that can increase by up to 100 fold the dermal absorption of lipophilic compounds such as BPA. We found that when men and women held thermal receipt paper immediately after using a hand sanitizer with penetration enhancing chemicals, significant free BPA was transferred to their hands and then to French fries that were eaten, and the combination of dermal and oral BPA absorption led to a rapid and dramatic average maximum increase (Cmax) in unconjugated (bioactive) BPA of ∼7 ng/mL in serum and ∼20 µg total BPA/g creatinine in urine within 90 min. The default method used by regulatory agencies to test for hazards posed by chemicals is intra-gastric gavage. For BPA this approach results in less than 1% of the administered dose being bioavailable in blood. It also ignores dermal absorption as well as sublingual absorption in the mouth that both bypass first-pass liver metabolism. The elevated levels of BPA that we observed due to holding thermal paper after using a product containing dermal penetration enhancing chemicals have been related to an increased risk for a wide range of developmental abnormalities as well as diseases in adults.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.