Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25337397›Full record

ReviewJournal of thoracic disease2014

Approach of the treatment for pneumothorax.

Yong Huang, Haidong Huang, Qiang Li, Robert F Browning, Scott Parrish, J Francis Turner, Konstantinos Zarogoulidis, Ioanna Kougioumtzi, Georgios Dryllis, Ioannis Kioumis and 8 more

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of thoracic disease, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
4.6field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Bio-inspired green light crosslinked alginate-heparin hydrogels support HUVEC tube formation.Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials · 2022
    Article
  9. Blunt trauma related chest wall and pulmonary injuries: An overview.Chinese journal of traumatology = Zhonghua chuang shang za zhi · 2020
    Review
  10. COVID-19, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Pneumothorax: A Frightening Triad.European journal of case reports in internal medicine · 2020
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Minimally invasive procedures.Annals of translational medicine · 2015
    Review
  14. Article
  15. Chest drainage systems in use.Annals of translational medicine · 2015
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Pacemaker insertion.Annals of translational medicine · 2015
    Article
  18. Pneumothorax: an up to date "introduction".Annals of translational medicine · 2015
    Review
  19. Heimlich valve and pneumothorax.Annals of translational medicine · 2015
    Review
  20. Physiology of the pleural space.Journal of thoracic disease · 2015
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Yong Huang1 Respiratory Department, Chongqing Zhongshan Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China ; 2 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 3 Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Interventional Pulmonary, Bethesda, MD, USA ; 4 Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Interventional Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Goodyear, AZ, USA ; 5 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 6 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 7 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 8 Obstetric - Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 9 Radiology Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 10 Thoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Haidong Huang1 Respiratory Department, Chongqing Zhongshan Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China ; 2 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 3 Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Interventional Pulmonary, Bethesda, MD, USA ; 4 Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Interventional Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Goodyear, AZ, USA ; 5 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 6 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 7 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 8 Obstetric - Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 9 Radiology Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 10 Thoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Qiang Li1 Respiratory Department, Chongqing Zhongshan Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China ; 2 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 3 Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Interventional Pulmonary, Bethesda, MD, USA ; 4 Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Interventional Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Goodyear, AZ, USA ; 5 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 6 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 7 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 8 Obstetric - Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 9 Radiology Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 10 Thoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Robert F Browning1 Respiratory Department, Chongqing Zhongshan Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China ; 2 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 3 Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Interventional Pulmonary, Bethesda, MD, USA ; 4 Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Interventional Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Goodyear, AZ, USA ; 5 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 6 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 7 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 8 Obstetric - Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 9 Radiology Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 10 Thoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Scott Parrish1 Respiratory Department, Chongqing Zhongshan Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China ; 2 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 3 Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Interventional Pulmonary, Bethesda, MD, USA ; 4 Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Interventional Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Goodyear, AZ, USA ; 5 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 6 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 7 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 8 Obstetric - Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 9 Radiology Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 10 Thoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
J Francis Turner1 Respiratory Department, Chongqing Zhongshan Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China ; 2 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 3 Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Interventional Pulmonary, Bethesda, MD, USA ; 4 Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Interventional Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Goodyear, AZ, USA ; 5 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 6 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 7 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 8 Obstetric - Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 9 Radiology Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 10 Thoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Konstantinos Zarogoulidis1 Respiratory Department, Chongqing Zhongshan Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China ; 2 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 3 Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Interventional Pulmonary, Bethesda, MD, USA ; 4 Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Interventional Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Goodyear, AZ, USA ; 5 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 6 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 7 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 8 Obstetric - Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 9 Radiology Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 10 Thoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Ioanna Kougioumtzi1 Respiratory Department, Chongqing Zhongshan Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China ; 2 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 3 Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Interventional Pulmonary, Bethesda, MD, USA ; 4 Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Interventional Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Goodyear, AZ, USA ; 5 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 6 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 7 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 8 Obstetric - Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 9 Radiology Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 10 Thoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Georgios Dryllis1 Respiratory Department, Chongqing Zhongshan Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China ; 2 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 3 Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Interventional Pulmonary, Bethesda, MD, USA ; 4 Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Interventional Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Goodyear, AZ, USA ; 5 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 6 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 7 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 8 Obstetric - Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 9 Radiology Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 10 Thoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Ioannis Kioumis1 Respiratory Department, Chongqing Zhongshan Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China ; 2 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 3 Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Interventional Pulmonary, Bethesda, MD, USA ; 4 Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Interventional Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Goodyear, AZ, USA ; 5 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 6 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 7 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 8 Obstetric - Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 9 Radiology Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 10 Thoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Georgia Pitsiou1 Respiratory Department, Chongqing Zhongshan Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China ; 2 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 3 Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Interventional Pulmonary, Bethesda, MD, USA ; 4 Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Interventional Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Goodyear, AZ, USA ; 5 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 6 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 7 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 8 Obstetric - Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 9 Radiology Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 10 Thoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Nikolaos Machairiotis1 Respiratory Department, Chongqing Zhongshan Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China ; 2 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 3 Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Interventional Pulmonary, Bethesda, MD, USA ; 4 Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Interventional Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Goodyear, AZ, USA ; 5 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 6 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 7 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 8 Obstetric - Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 9 Radiology Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 10 Thoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Nikolaos Katsikogiannis1 Respiratory Department, Chongqing Zhongshan Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China ; 2 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 3 Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Interventional Pulmonary, Bethesda, MD, USA ; 4 Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Interventional Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Goodyear, AZ, USA ; 5 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 6 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 7 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 8 Obstetric - Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 9 Radiology Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 10 Thoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Nikolaos Courcoutsakis1 Respiratory Department, Chongqing Zhongshan Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China ; 2 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 3 Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Interventional Pulmonary, Bethesda, MD, USA ; 4 Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Interventional Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Goodyear, AZ, USA ; 5 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 6 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 7 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 8 Obstetric - Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 9 Radiology Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 10 Thoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Athanasios Madesis1 Respiratory Department, Chongqing Zhongshan Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China ; 2 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 3 Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Interventional Pulmonary, Bethesda, MD, USA ; 4 Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Interventional Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Goodyear, AZ, USA ; 5 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 6 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 7 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 8 Obstetric - Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 9 Radiology Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 10 Thoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Konstantinos Diplaris1 Respiratory Department, Chongqing Zhongshan Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China ; 2 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 3 Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Interventional Pulmonary, Bethesda, MD, USA ; 4 Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Interventional Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Goodyear, AZ, USA ; 5 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 6 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 7 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 8 Obstetric - Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 9 Radiology Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 10 Thoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Theodoros Karaiskos1 Respiratory Department, Chongqing Zhongshan Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China ; 2 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 3 Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Interventional Pulmonary, Bethesda, MD, USA ; 4 Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Interventional Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Goodyear, AZ, USA ; 5 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 6 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 7 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 8 Obstetric - Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 9 Radiology Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 10 Thoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Paul Zarogoulidis1 Respiratory Department, Chongqing Zhongshan Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China ; 2 Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China ; 3 Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Interventional Pulmonary, Bethesda, MD, USA ; 4 Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Interventional Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Goodyear, AZ, USA ; 5 Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ; 6 Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 7 Hematology Department, "Laiko" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece ; 8 Obstetric - Gynecology Department, "Thriassio" General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece ; 9 Radiology Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 10 Thoracic Surgery Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
424 General Military Hospital · GR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Pneumothorax can occur in several situations such as; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) where emphysema is observed or due to a biopsy for malignancy suspicion. In any case it is a dangerous situation that requires immediate attention and treatment. Pneumothorax can be divided in primary and secondary. Staging of pneumothorax is also very important. In our current editorial we summarize etiology and treatment of pneumothorax from a panel of pulmonary physicians, oncologists and thoracic surgeons.

Indexed as

interventionmedical thoracoscopyPneumothorax

Identifiers

PMID25337397
PMCPMC4203983
OpenAlexW1749751375

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.