Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25336746›Full record

Trial reportDiabetes care2015

HbA1c as a predictor of diabetes and as an outcome in the diabetes prevention program: a randomized clinical trial.

Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group

Open access · bronzeAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Diabetes care, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
66citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
8.8field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

66 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 142 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Trial
  8. Trial
  9. Trial
  10. Trial
  11. Trial
  12. Trial
  13. Trial
  14. Trial
  15. Trial
  16. Trial
  17. Trial
  18. Trial
  19. Prediabetes in children and adolescents: what do we need to know?Annals of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism · 2026
    Article
  20. Tirzepatide as an Add-on for Participants with Inadequate Glycemic Control Using Basal Insulin: Pooled Subgroup Analysis of SURPASS-5 and -6.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026
    Article

6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author at 1 institution in 3 countries.

Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group
National Institutes of Health · US

Funding

HARVARD CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE CENTER (UL1)UL1RR025758 · NCRR · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI NADLER, LEE MARSHALL · 2008 to 2011
$91.4M
Vector and Transgenic Mouse CoreP30DK017047 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI Karin E Bornfeldt · 1986 to 2026
$41.4M
Post DPP Followup StudyU01DK048406 · NIDDK · INDIANA UNIV-PURDUE UNIV AT INDIANAPOLIS · PI DE GROOT, MARY K. · 1994 to 2021
$9.1M
NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR025758NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK017047NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK048406
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveGlycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), a standard measure of chronic glycemia for managing diabetes, has been proposed to diagnose diabetes and identify people at risk. The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) was a 3.2-year randomized clinical trial of preventing type 2 diabetes with a 10-year follow-up study, the DPP Outcomes Study (DPPOS). We evaluated baseline HbA1c as a predictor of diabetes and determined the effects of treatments on diabetes defined by an HbA1c ≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol). RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsWe randomized 3,234 nondiabetic adults at high risk of diabetes to placebo, metformin, or intensive lifestyle intervention and followed them for the development of diabetes as diagnosed by fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2-h postload glucose (2hPG) concentrations (1997 American Diabetes Association [ADA] criteria). HbA1c was measured but not used for study eligibility or outcomes. We now evaluate treatment effects in the 2,765 participants who did not have diabetes at baseline according to FPG, 2hPG, or HbA1c (2010 ADA criteria).

resultsBaseline HbA1c predicted incident diabetes in all treatment groups. Diabetes incidence defined by HbA1c ≥6.5% was reduced by 44% by metformin and 49% by lifestyle during the DPP and by 38% by metformin and 29% by lifestyle throughout follow-up. Unlike the primary DPP and DPPOS findings based on glucose criteria, metformin and lifestyle were similarly effective in preventing diabetes defined by HbA1c.

conclusionsHbA1c predicted incident diabetes. In contrast to the superiority of the lifestyle intervention on glucose-defined diabetes, metformin and lifestyle interventions had similar effects in preventing HbA1c-defined diabetes. The long-term implications for other health outcomes remain to be determined.

Indexed as

AdultBlood GlucoseBody Mass IndexDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Double-Blind MethodFemaleFollow-Up StudiesGlycated HemoglobinHumansHypoglycemic AgentsIncidenceLife StyleMaleMetforminMiddle AgedRisk FactorsBlood GlucoseGlycated HemoglobinHypoglycemic AgentsMetformin

Identifiers

PMID25336746
PMCPMC4274777
OpenAlexW1596187835

What OpenQuestion holds

Texttitle and abstract
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.