ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2015
Recurrence due to relapse or reinfection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a whole-genome sequencing approach in a large, population-based cohort with a high HIV infection prevalence and active follow-up.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 106 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
106 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 178 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis mixed infections and drug resistance in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.African health sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Reporting practices for genomic epidemiology of tuberculosis: a systematic review of the literature using STROME-ID guidelines as a benchmark.The Lancet. Microbe · 2021Pooled it
- Molecular epidemiology of drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Africa: a systematic review.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Pooled it
- Methods for Detecting Mycobacterial Mixed Strain Infections-A Systematic Review.Frontiers in genetics · 2020Pooled it
- Comparison of different treatments for isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis: an individual patient data meta-analysis.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2018Pooled it
- Interpreting whole genome sequencing for investigating tuberculosis transmission: a systematic review.BMC medicine · 2016Pooled it
- Factors Involved in Tuberculosis Recurrence in a Low-incidence Setting; Reactivation Predominates Over Reinfection in a 30-year Surveillance Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Distinct mechanisms drive post-antibiotic Tuberculosis relapse post-cure versus post-treatment-failure.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Ecology, global diversity and evolutionary mechanisms in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2025Review
- Host-intrinsic and host-extrinsic factors modulate immunity to Mtb infection, reinfection, and noncanonical vaccination routes.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Review
- The association between pulmonary tuberculosis recurrence and exposure to fine particulate matter and residential greenness: A population-based retrospective study.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Article
- Characterizing the Etiology of Recurrent Tuberculosis Using Whole Genome Sequencing: Alaska, 2008-2020.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Pulmonary Tuberculosis with Polyclonal Infection - Diagnostic Challenges and the Importance of Sequencing to the Improvement of Case Management - Case Report.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Endogenous reactivation cases identified by whole genome sequencing ofJournal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2024Article
- Timing of recurrence after treatment of pulmonary TB.IJTLD open · 2024Article
- Molecular characteristics of drug-susceptible Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates based on treatment duration.Osong public health and research perspectives · 2024Article
- Article
- Genetic Characterization and Population Structure of Drug-ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Decreased IL-1 β Secretion as a Potential Predictor of Tuberculosis Recurrence in Individuals Diagnosed with HIV.Biomedicines · 2024Article
46 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRecurrent tuberculosis is a major health burden and may be due to relapse with the original strain or reinfection with a new strain.
methodsIn a population-based study in northern Malawi, patients with tuberculosis diagnosed from 1996 to 2010 were actively followed after the end of treatment. Whole-genome sequencing with approximately 100-fold coverage was performed on all available cultures. Results of IS6110 restriction fragment-length polymorphism analyses were available for cultures performed up to 2008.
resultsBased on our data, a difference of ≤10 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was used to define relapse, and a difference of >100 SNPs was used to define reinfection. There was no evidence of mixed infections among those classified as reinfections. Of 1471 patients, 139 had laboratory-confirmed recurrences: 55 had relapse, and 20 had reinfection; for 64 type of recurrence was unclassified. Almost all relapses occurred in the first 2 years. Human immunodeficiency virus infection was associated with reinfection but not relapse. Relapses were associated with isoniazid resistance, treatment before 2007, and lineage-3 strains. We identified several gene variants associated with relapse. Lineage-2 (Beijing) was overrepresented and lineage-1 underrepresented among the reinfecting strains (P = .004).
conclusionsWhile some of the factors determining recurrence depend on the patient and their treatment, differences in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome appear to have a role in both relapse and reinfection.
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