Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25335861›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2014

The biosynthetic pathway for a thousand-year-old natural food colorant and citrinin in Penicillium marneffei.

Patrick C Y Woo, Ching-Wan Lam, Emily W T Tam, Kim-Chung Lee, Karrie K Y Yung, Chris K F Leung, Kong-Hung Sze, Susanna K P Lau, Kwok-Yung Yuen

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
39citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
9.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 89 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. BioprospectingFrontiers in fungal biology · 2021
    Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. IMA fungus · 2025
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Genome Characteristics of the Endophytic FungusJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. High Diversity of Type I Polyketide Genes inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022
    Article
  15. Azaphilone alkaloids: prospective source of natural food pigments.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2022
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Genome Sequencing ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Genome Sequence ofMicroorganisms · 2020
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Patrick C Y Woo1] Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong [2] State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong [3] Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong [4] Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Ching-Wan LamDepartment of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Emily W T TamDepartment of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Kim-Chung LeeDepartment of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Karrie K Y YungDepartment of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Chris K F LeungDepartment of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Kong-Hung Sze1] Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong [2] State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong [3] Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong [4] Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Susanna K P Lau1] Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong [2] State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong [3] Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong [4] Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Kwok-Yung Yuen1] Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong [2] State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong [3] Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong [4] Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
University of Hong Kong · HK

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Monascorubrin and its derivatives are polyketides used as natural colorants for a wide range of food for more than one thousand years. Since the biosynthetic pathway for this ancient chemical compound is unknown and genome sequence unavailable for any Monascus species, monascorubrin production has relied on extraction from fungal cultures of Monascus species. In vitro synthesis and genetic manipulation are not possible. Here we report the polyketide gene cluster and pathway for monascorubrin biosynthesis in Penicillium marneffei, a diffusible red pigment-producing, thermal dimorphic fungus, taking advantage of available genome sequence and faster growth rate than Monascus species. We also documented that the red pigment of P. marneffei is a mixture of more than 16 chemical compounds, which are amino acid conjugates of monascorubrin and rubropunctatin, and showed that this polyketide gene cluster and pathway are also responsible for biosynthesis of ankaflavin and citrinin, a mycotoxin with nephrotoxic activity in mammals. The present study on elucidation of the biosynthetic pathway of monascorubrin is a proof-of-the-concept study that serves as a cornerstone for future studies on monascorubrin biosynthesis pathway dissection in Monascus species.

Indexed as

Amino AcidsBiosynthetic PathwaysChromosome MappingCitrininFood Coloring AgentsGenome, FungalHeterocyclic Compounds, 3-RingMultigene FamilyPenicilliumAmino AcidsCitrininFood Coloring AgentsHeterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ringmonascorubrin

Identifiers

PMID25335861
PMCPMC4205486
OpenAlexW2029027576

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.