ArticleNature communications2014
Nasal immunity is an ancient arm of the mucosal immune system of vertebrates.
Article in Nature communications, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 222 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mucosal immune response in biology, disease prevention and treatment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Olfactory immunity: defending the neural-mucosal barrier.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Review
- Physiopathology of nasal and ecnomotopic olfactory receptors: focus on molecular pathways and potential pharmacological modulation.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Persistent pneumococcal colonisation in antiretroviral-treated HIV infection is associated with nasal inflammation.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Divergent B-cell repertoire remodelling by mRNA, DNA and live attenuated vaccines in fish.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- The nasal microbiota of two marine fish species: diversity, community structure, variability, and first insights into the impacts of climate change-related stressors.FEMS microbiology ecology · 2025Article
- Nasal virus infection induces asthma exacerbation through B-cell-dependent recruitment of inflammatory monocytes.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2024Article
- Navigating Fish Immunity: Focus on Mucosal Immunity and the Evolving Landscape of Mucosal Vaccines.Biology · 2024Review
- Differential infection behavior of African swine fever virus (ASFV) genotype I and II in the upper respiratory tract.Veterinary research · 2023Article
- Identification of a pharyngeal mucosal lymphoid organ in zebrafish and other teleosts: Tonsils in fish?Science advances · 2023Article
- Addressing Nanovaccine Strategies for Tilapia.Vaccines · 2023Review
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- Immunohistochemistry of the Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT) in African Bonytongue (International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Identification and characterization of immunoglobulin tau (IgT) in Asian Seabass (Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Alterations of the Mucosal Immune Response and Microbial Community of the Skin upon Viral Infection in Rainbow Trout (International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Oral Lesions Associated with COVID-19 and the Participation of the Buccal Cavity as a Key Player for Establishment of Immunity against SARS-CoV-2.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Using zebrafish to understand reciprocal interactions between the nervous and immune systems and the microbial world.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Review
- The extensive transgenerational transcriptomic effects of ocean acidification on the olfactory epithelium of a marine fish are associated with a better viral resistance.BMC genomics · 2022Article
- Integration and Reanalysis of Four RNA-Seq Datasets Including BALF, Nasopharyngeal Swabs, Lung Biopsy, and Mouse Models Reveals Common Immune Features of COVID-19.Immune network · 2022Article
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The mucosal surfaces of all vertebrates have been exposed to similar evolutionary pressures for millions of years. In terrestrial vertebrates such as birds and mammals, the nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) represents a first line of immune defence. Here we propose that NALT is an ancient arm of the mucosal immune system not restricted to terrestrial vertebrates. We find that NALT is present in rainbow trout and that it resembles other teleost mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues. Trout NALT consists of diffuse lymphoid cells and lacks tonsils and adenoids. The predominant B-cell subset found in trout NALT are IgT(+) B cells, similar to skin and gut. The trout olfactory organ is colonized by abundant symbiotic bacteria, which are coated by trout secretory immunoglobulin. Trout NALT is capable of mounting strong anti-viral immune responses following nasal delivery of a live attenuated viral vaccine. Our results open up a new tool for the control of aquatic infectious diseases via nasal vaccination.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.