ArticlePloS one2014
A beneficiary role for neuraminidase in influenza virus penetration through the respiratory mucus.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 131 citations in OpenAlex.
- Traditional Chinese Medicine for preventing influenza: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- In silico analysis of pH stabilising mutations of hemagglutinin of influenza A virus H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b.Npj viruses · 2026Review
- Mucins and Respiratory Virus Infection.Annual review of virology · 2026Review
- An Inverse Transwell Assay for Airway Mucus Barrier Function Reveals both Virus- and Mucin-Specific Impacts on Infection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Update on the Efficacy of Vaccination on Host Immunity to Influenza Virus Infection.International archives of allergy and immunology · 2026Review
- Pathogenesis and Transmission of a Reassorted H1 Influenza A Virus Detected in North American Swine.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Article
- Implications of morphological variation in influenza viruses.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- Broad neuraminidase antibodies confer protection against seasonal and avian influenza viruses.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Molecular mechanisms of co-infections.EMBO reports · 2025Review
- Virion motility of sialoglycan-cleaving respiratory viruses.Npj viruses · 2025Review
- Cell-based sialoglycan arrays for directly comparing influenza A virus receptor requirements for binding and infection.iScience · 2025Article
- Mucus Physically Restricts Influenza A Viral Particle Access to the Epithelium.Advanced biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Modulation of human-to-swine influenza a virus adaptation by the neuraminidase low-affinity calcium-binding pocket.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Porcine ex-vivo intestinal mucus has age-dependent blocking activity against transmissible gastroenteritis virus.Veterinary research · 2024Article
- Review
- Unraveling dynamics of paramyxovirus-receptor interactions using nanoparticles displaying hemagglutinin-neuraminidase.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Capsid virus-like particle display improves recombinant influenza neuraminidase antigen stability and immunogenicity in mice.iScience · 2024Article
- Isolation of human antibodies against influenza B neuraminidase and mechanisms of protection at the airway interface.Immunity · 2024Article
- Molecular Markers and Mechanisms of Influenza A Virus Cross-Species Transmission and New Host Adaptation.Viruses · 2024Review
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Swine influenza virus (SIV) has a strong tropism for pig respiratory mucosa, which consists of a mucus layer, epithelium, basement membrane and lamina propria. Sialic acids present on the epithelial surface have long been considered to be determinants of influenza virus tropism. However, mucus which is also rich in sialic acids may serve as the first barrier of selection. It was investigated how influenza virus interacts with the mucus to infect epithelial cells. Two techniques were applied to track SIV H1N1 in porcine mucus. The microscopic diffusion of SIV particles in the mucus was analyzed by single particle tracking (SPT), and the macroscopic penetration of SIV through mucus was studied by a virus in-capsule-mucus penetration system, followed by visualizing the translocation of the virions with time by immunofluorescence staining. Furthermore, the effects of neuraminidase on SIV getting through or binding to the mucus were studied by using zanamivir, a neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI), and Arthrobacter ureafaciens neuraminidase. The distribution of the diffusion coefficient shows that 70% of SIV particles were entrapped, while the rest diffused freely in the mucus. Additionally, SIV penetrated the porcine mucus with time, reaching a depth of 65 µm at 30 min post virus addition, 2 fold of that at 2 min. Both the microscopic diffusion and macroscopic penetration were largely diminished by NAI, while were clearly increased by the effect of exogenous neuraminidase. Moreover, the exogenous neuraminidase sufficiently prevented the binding of SIV to mucus which was reversely enhanced by effect of NAI. These findings clearly show that the neuraminidase helps SIV move through the mucus, which is important for the virus to reach and infect epithelial cells and eventually become shed into the lumen of the respiratory tract.
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