Trial reportArthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.)2015
Peripheral CD5+ B cells in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis.
Trial report in Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Association of baseline soluble immune checkpoints with the risk of relapse in PR3-ANCA vasculitis following induction of remission.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2023Trial
- Circulating autoreactive proteinase 3+ B cells and tolerance checkpoints in ANCA-associated vasculitis.JCI insight · 2021Trial
- Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: biological insights and biomarker-guided disease management.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2026Review
- Biomarkers in ANCA associated vasculitis: clinical utility, pitfalls and their role in the outcomes assessment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Two Decades Rituximab Therapy in Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody Associated Vasculitis.Current drug targets · 2025Review
- Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis in China: Epidemiology, Management, Prognosis, and Outlook.Kidney diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The Role of Regulatory B cells in Kidney Diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Update on ANCA-associated vasculitis: from biomarkers to therapy.Journal of nephrology · 2019Review
- Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis in Korea: A Narrative Review.Yonsei medical journal · 2019Review
- Effector and regulatory B cells in immune-mediated kidney disease.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2019Review
- Could Lymphocyte Profiling be Useful to Diagnose Systemic Autoimmune Diseases?Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2017Review
- Predictors of Poor Outcome in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis (AAV).Current rheumatology reports · 2016Review
- Current and novel biomarkers in anti-neutrophil cytoplasm-associated vasculitis.Clinical kidney journal · 2016Article
- A Lower Proportion of Regulatory B Cells in Patients with Henoch-Schoenlein Purpura Nephritis.PloS one · 2016Article
- New insights on biomarkers in systemic vasculitis.Current rheumatology reports · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 12 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveCD5+ B cells have been conceptualized as a possible surrogate for Breg cells. The aim of the present study was to determine the utility of CD5+ B cells as biomarkers in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV).
methodsThe absolute and relative numbers (percentages) of CD5+ B cells (explanatory variables) were measured longitudinally during 18 months in 197 patients randomized to receive either rituximab (RTX) or cyclophosphamide (CYC) followed by azathioprine (AZA) for the treatment of AAV (Rituximab in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis [RAVE] trial). Outcome variables included disease activity (status of active disease versus complete remission), responsiveness to induction therapy, disease relapse, disease severity, and, in RTX-treated patients, relapse-free survival according to the percentage of CD5+ B cells detected upon B cell repopulation.
resultsCD5+ B cell numbers were comparable between the treatment groups at baseline. After an initial decline, absolute CD5+ B cell numbers progressively increased in patients in the RTX treatment arm, but remained low in CYC/AZA-treated patients. In both groups, the percentage of CD5+ B cells increased during remission induction and slowly declined thereafter. During relapse, the percentage of CD5+ B cells correlated inversely with disease activity in RTX-treated patients, but not in patients who received CYC/AZA. No significant association was observed between the numbers of CD5+ B cells and induction treatment failure or disease severity. The dynamics of the CD5+ B cell compartment did not anticipate disease relapse. Following B cell repopulation, the percentage of CD5+ B cells was not predictive of time to flare in RTX-treated patients.
conclusionThe percentage of peripheral CD5+ B cells might reflect disease activity in RTX-treated patients. However, sole staining for CD5 as a putative surrogate marker for Breg cells did not identify a subpopulation of B cells with clear potential for meaningful clinical use. Adequate phenotyping of Breg cells is required to further explore the value of these cells as biomarkers in AAV.
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