ArticleThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene2014
High levels of asymptomatic and subpatent Plasmodium falciparum parasite carriage at health facilities in an area of heterogeneous malaria transmission intensity in the Kenyan highlands.
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Article in The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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26 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Marked Rise in the Prevalence of Asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum Infection in Rural Gabon.PloS one · 2016Trial
- Modelling geographical variation in the determinants of childhood malaria in Malawi using geographically weighted regression.Malaria journal · 2026Article
- Patterns of patent and sub-patent Plasmodium falciparum infections in household members of children under seasonal malaria chemoprevention coverage in the health district of Nanoro, Burkina Faso.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- The burden and diagnostic challenges of subclinical Plasmodium falciparum infections in Southern Ghana.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Prevalence of subpatent Plasmodium falciparum infections in regions with varying transmission intensities and implications for malaria elimination in Mainland Tanzania.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Genetic diversity and population structure of Plasmodium falciparum across areas of varied malaria transmission intensities in Uganda.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- High prevalence of asymptomatic and subpatent Plasmodium falciparum infections but no histidine-rich protein 2 gene deletion in Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Descriptive, Hospital-Based, 10-Year Study of Malaria Transmission in Goa, a Southwest Indian State in the Malaria Elimination Phase.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- Risk of Malaria Following Untreated Subpatent Plasmodium falciparum Infections: Results Over 4 Years From a Cohort in a High-Transmission Area in Western Kenya.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Prevalence of G6PD deficiency and submicroscopic malaria parasites carriage in malaria hotspot area in Northwest, Tanzania.Malaria journal · 2023Article
- Article
- Using health facility-based serological surveillance to predict receptive areas at risk of malaria outbreaks in elimination areas.BMC medicine · 2020Article
- Prevalence of submicroscopic malaria infection in immigrants living in Spain.Malaria journal · 2019Article
- Serological evidence for a decline in malaria transmission following major scale-up of control efforts in a setting selected for Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum malaria elimination in Babile district, Oromia, Ethiopia.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · 2019Article
- Risk factors for Plasmodium falciparum infection in the Kenyan Highlands: a cohort study.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · 2019Article
- Characteristics of Subpatent Malaria in a Pre-Elimination Setting in Southern Zambia.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2019Article
- Article
- Spatio-temporal mapping of Madagascar's Malaria Indicator Survey results to assess Plasmodium falciparum endemicity trends between 2011 and 2016.BMC medicine · 2018Article
- Assessment of asymptomatic Plasmodium spp. infection by detection of parasite DNA in residents of an extra-Amazonian region of Brazil.Malaria journal · 2018Article
- Additional burden of asymptomatic and sub-patent malaria infections during low transmission season in forested tribal villages in Chhattisgarh, India.Malaria journal · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Gillian H StresmanDepartment of Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Gillian.Stresman@lshtm.ac.uk.
Jennifer C StevensonDepartment of Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Nnenna NgwuDepartment of Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Elizabeth MarubeDepartment of Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Chrispin OwagaDepartment of Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Chris DrakeleyDepartment of Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Teun BousemaDepartment of Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Jonathan CoxDepartment of Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention · KEUniversity of London · GBJohns Hopkins University · USLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine · GBRadboud University Nijmegen · NL
Funding
Wellcome Trust 091924
Abstract
In endemic settings, health facility surveys provide a convenient approach to estimating malaria transmission intensity. Typically, testing for malaria at facilities is performed on symptomatic attendees, but asymptomatic infections comprise a considerable proportion of the parasite reservoir. We sampled individuals attending five health facilities in the western Kenyan highlands. Malaria prevalence by rapid diagnostic test (RDT) was 8.6-32.9% in the health facilities. Of all polymerase chain reaction-positive participants, 46.4% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 42.6-50.2%) of participants had infections that were RDT-negative and asymptomatic, and 55.9% of those infections consisted of multiple parasite clones as assessed by merozoite surface protein-2 genotyping. Subpatent infections were more common in individuals reporting the use of non-artemisinin-based antimalarials in the 2 weeks preceding the survey (odds ratio = 2.49, 95% CI = 1.04-5.92) compared with individuals not reporting previous use of antimalarials. We observed a large and genetically complex pool of subpatent parasitemia in the Kenya highlands that must be considered in malaria interventions.
Indexed as
Carrier StateAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansInfantKenyaMalaria, FalciparumMalePlasmodium falciparumPolymerase Chain Reaction
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