ArticleExpert review of neurotherapeutics2014
What is hydroxynorketamine and what can it bring to neurotherapeutics?
Article in Expert review of neurotherapeutics, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ketamine as a potential treatment for suicidal ideation: a systematic review of the literature.Drugs in R&D · 2015Pooled it
- Efficacy and Tolerability of Oral Compared with Sublingual Ketamine Lozenges as Rescue Analgesics in Adults for Acute Pain: The OSKet Trial.Clinical drug investigation · 2021Trial
- The role of NMDARs in the anesthetic and antidepressant effects of ketamine.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Review
- Narrative Review: Low-Dose Ketamine for Pain Management.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- The role of ketamine in major depressive disorders: Effects on parvalbumin-positive interneurons in hippocampus.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2023Review
- Molecular mechanisms underlying the antidepressant actions of arketamine: beyond the NMDA receptor.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Review
- Ketamine in the Past, Present, and Future: Mechanisms, Metabolites, and Toxicity.Current pain and headache reports · 2021Review
- Uncovering the Underlying Mechanisms of Ketamine as a Novel Antidepressant.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- Antidepressant-relevant concentrations of the ketamine metabolite (2Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
- Halogen Substitution Influences Ketamine Metabolism by Cytochrome P450 2B6: In Vitro and Computational Approaches.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2019Article
- Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology of Rapid-Acting Antidepressants.Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology · 2019Review
- Ketamine and Ketamine Metabolite Pharmacology: Insights into Therapeutic Mechanisms.Pharmacological reviews · 2018Review
- Consensus Guidelines on the Use of Intravenous Ketamine Infusions for Chronic Pain From the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, the American Academy of Pain Medicine, and the American Society of Anesthesiologists.Regional anesthesia and pain medicine · 2018Review
- Stereochemical and structural effects of (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine on the mitochondrial metabolome in PC-12 cells.Biochimica et biophysica acta. General subjects · 2018Article
- Mechanisms of ketamine action as an antidepressant.Molecular psychiatry · 2018Review
- New targets for rapid antidepressant action.Progress in neurobiology · 2017Review
- Mood Therapeutics: Novel Pharmacological Approaches for Treating Depression.Expert review of clinical pharmacology · 2017Review
- Beyond Ketamine: New Approaches to the Development of Safer Antidepressants.Current neuropharmacology · 2017Review
- Ketamine Mechanism of Action: Separating the Wheat from the Chaff.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2017Article
- Physiological, pharmacokinetic and liver metabolism comparisons between 3-, 6-, 12- and 18-month-old male Sprague Dawley rats under ketamine-xylazine anesthesia.Experimental animals · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
(R,S)-Ketamine was initially developed as an anesthetic agent and its pharmacological properties were determined on the basis of this clinical use. However, pharmacological studies in rat led to the development of the 'Ketamine Paradigm', whereby (R,S)-ketamine and its N-demethylated metabolite (R,S)-norketamine were deemed the active compounds whereas the other ketamine metabolites were considered inactive. Recent in vivo and in vitro studies with (2S,6S)-hydroxynorketamine, a previously identified 'inactive' metabolite, have demonstrated that this compound is an active and selective inhibitor of the α7 subtype of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and that this activity contributes to the pharmacological responses associated with the antidepressant activity of (R,S)-ketamine. Thus, it appears that it is necessary to reassess the 'Ketamine Paradigm' in regards to the use of sub-anesthetic doses of (R,S)-ketamine in the treatment of treatment-resistant depression.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.