ArticleThe American journal of gastroenterology2015
Treatment of fecal incontinence: state of the science summary for the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases workshop.
Article in The American journal of gastroenterology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- ANMS-ESNM position paper and consensus guidelines on biofeedback therapy for anorectal disorders.Neurogastroenterology and motility · 2015Guideline
- Home-Based Biofeedback for Fecal Incontinence: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Urogynecology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026Trial
- Randomized controlled trial of an Internet-of-Medical-Things device for patient-guided anorectal biofeedback therapy.PloS one · 2024Trial
- Effects of Translumbosacral Neuromodulation Therapy on Gut and Brain Interactions and Anorectal Neuropathy in Fecal Incontinence: A Randomized Study.Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society · 2021Trial
- Improving biofeedback for the treatment of fecal incontinence in women: implementation of a standardized multi-site manometric biofeedback protocol.Neurogastroenterology and motility · 2017Trial
- A 12-Month Clinical Durability of Effectiveness and Safety Evaluation of a Vaginal Bowel Control System for the Nonsurgical Treatment of Fecal Incontinence.Female pelvic medicine & reconstructive surgeryTrial
- Effect of home biofeedback treatment in patients with fecal incontinence: a pilot study.Techniques in coloproctology · 2026Article
- The Effect of Traumatic Brain Injury on the Gastrointestinal System: A Comprehensive Review.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Expert recommendations for the management of fecal incontinence in systemic sclerosis: A report from the World Scleroderma Foundation (WSF) Gastrointestinal "Ad hoc committee".Journal of scleroderma and related disorders · 2026Article
- Controversies in fecal incontinence.World journal of gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Men and women experience different barriers to care seeking for fecal incontinence.Neurourology and urodynamics · 2023Article
- Optimizing the Utility of Anorectal Manometry for Diagnosis and Therapy: A Roundtable Review and Recommendations.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2023Review
- Proinflammatory Diet Is Associated With Increased Risk of Fecal Incontinence Among Older Women: Prospective Results From the Nurses' Health Study.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2023Article
- Faecal incontinence in adults.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2022Review
- Introducing a noninvasive, non-surgical, and reversible animal model for fecal incontinence using abobotulinumtoxinA in dogs.Veterinary research forum : an international quarterly journal · 2022Article
- Fecobionics Evaluation of Biofeedback Therapy in Patients With Fecal Incontinence.Clinical and translational gastroenterology · 2022Article
- Keys to the Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Fecal Incontinence.Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2022Article
- Differences in fatigability of muscles involved in fecal continence: Potential clinical ramifications.Physiological reports · 2021Article
- Evaluation of mobile applications for patients with fecal incontinence using a modified APPLICATIONS scoring system.International urogynecology journal · 2021Article
- Comparative effectiveness of biofeedback and injectable bulking agents for treatment of fecal incontinence: Design and methods.Contemporary clinical trials · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This is the second of a two-part summary of a National Institutes of Health conference on fecal incontinence (FI) that summarizes current treatments and identifies research priorities. Conservative medical management consisting of patient education, fiber supplements or antidiarrheals, behavioral techniques such as scheduled toileting, and pelvic floor exercises restores continence in up to 25% of patients. Biofeedback, often recommended as first-line treatment after conservative management fails, produces satisfaction with treatment in up to 76% and continence in 55%; however, outcomes depend on the skill of the therapist, and some trials are less favorable. Electrical stimulation of the anal mucosa is ineffective, but continuous electrical pulsing of sacral nerves produces a ≥50% reduction in FI frequency in a median 73% of patients. Tibial nerve electrical stimulation with needle electrodes is promising but remains unproven. Sphincteroplasty produces short-term clinical improvement in a median 67%, but 5-year outcomes are poor. Injecting an inert bulking agent around the anal canal led to ≥50% reductions of FI in up to 53% of patients. Colostomy is used as a last resort because of adverse effects on quality of life. Several new devices are under investigation but not yet approved. FI researchers identify the following priorities for future research: (1) trials comparing the effectiveness, safety, and cost of current therapies; (2) studies addressing barriers to consulting for care; and (3) translational research on regenerative medicine. Unmet patient needs include FI in special populations (e.g., neurological disorders and nursing home residents) and improvements in behavioral treatments.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.