ArticlePloS one2014
Nonmotor symptoms in LRRK2 G2019S associated Parkinson's disease.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic heterogeneity on sleep disorders in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Translational neurodegeneration · 2022Pooled it
- Genetic Modifiers of Parkinson's Disease: A Case-Control Study.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2025Observational
- Heartbeat signature for predicting motor and non-motor involvement among nonparkinsonian LRRK2 G2019S mutation carriers.Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2025Article
- Impact of LRRK2 and GBA variants on orthostatic hypotension in patients with Parkinson's disease.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Affective phenotypes in heterozygousFrontiers in genetics · 2025Article
- Progression subtypes in Parkinson's disease identified by a data-driven multi cohort analysis.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2024Article
- Parkinson's LRRK2-G2019S risk gene mutation drives sex-specific behavioral and cellular adaptations to chronic variable stress.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2024Article
- Behind the Mask: Parkinson's Disease and Depression.Cureus · 2024Review
- Association of women-specific health factors in the severity of Parkinson's disease.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2023Article
- LRRK2 and Parkinson's disease: from genetics to targeted therapy.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2023Review
- Therapeutic Approaches to Non-Motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease: A Current Update on Preclinical Evidence.Current neuropharmacology · 2023Article
- The pathobiological basis of depression in Parkinson disease: challenges and outlooks.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2022Review
- Cognitive deficits and altered cholinergic innervation in young adult male mice carrying a Parkinson's disease Lrrk2Experimental neurology · 2022Article
- Depression in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: Current Understanding of its Neurobiology and Implications for Treatment.Drugs & aging · 2022Review
- International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: Olfaction.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2022Review
- Non-Motor Symptoms inJournal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Association between MMP16 rs60298754 and clinical phenotypes of Parkinson's disease in southern Chinese.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2021Article
- Comparison between four published definitions of hyposmia in Parkinson's disease.Brain and behavior · 2021Article
- Inflammatory Diseases Among Norwegian LRRK2 Mutation Carriers. A 15-Years Follow-Up of a Cohort.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Review
- Cognitive Impairment in Genetic Parkinson's Disease.Parkinson's disease · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIdiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) and LRRK2-associated PD (LRRK2-PD) might be expected to differ clinically since the neuropathological substrate of LRRK2-PD is heterogeneous. The range and severity of extra-nigral nonmotor features associated with LRRK2 mutations is also not well-defined.
objectiveTo evaluate the prevalence and time of onset of nonmotor symptoms (NMS) in LRRK2-PD patients.
methodsThe presence of hyposmia and of neuropsychiatric, dysautonomic and sleep disturbances was assessed in 33 LRRK2-G2019S-PD patients by standardized questionnaires and validated scales. Thirty-three IPD patients, matched for age, gender, duration of parkinsonism and disease severity and 33 healthy subjects were also evaluated.
resultsUniversity of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) scores in LRRK2-G2019S-PD were higher than those in IPD (23.5±6.8 vs 18.4±6.0; p = 0.002), and hyposmia was less frequent in G2019S carriers than in IPD (39.4% vs 75.8%; p = 0.01). UPSIT scores were significantly higher in females than in males in LRRK2-PD patients (26.9±4.7 vs 19.4±6.8; p<0.01). The frequency of sleep and neuropsychiatric disturbances and of dysautonomic symptoms in LRRK2-G2019S-PD was not significantly different from that in IPD. Hyposmia, depression, constipation and excessive daytime sleepiness, were reported to occur before the onset of classical motor symptoms in more than 40% of LRRK2-PD patients in whom these symptoms were present at the time of examination.
conclusionNeuropsychiatric, dysautonomic and sleep disturbances occur as frequently in patients with LRRK2-G2019S-PD as in IPD but smell loss was less frequent in LRRK2-PD. Like in IPD, disturbances such as hyposmia, depression, constipation and excessive daytime sleepiness may antedate the onset of classical motor symptoms in LRRK2-G2019S-PD.
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