ArticlePloS one2014
Apigenin inhibits enterovirus-71 infection by disrupting viral RNA association with trans-acting factors.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 118 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Antiviral Potential ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Pooled it
- Promising Antiviral Activities of Natural Flavonoids against SARS-CoV-2 Targets: Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
- HnRNPC triggers the degradation of MITA to suppress the interferon-mediated antiviral response.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Antiviral Potential and Chemical Composition of WildPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Apigenin: A Bioflavonoid with a Promising Role in Disease Prevention and Treatment.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Advances in anti-EV-A71 drug development research.Journal of advanced research · 2024Review
- Exploring biosurfactant fromFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Review
- 2,4-Dihydroxycinnamic acid as spike ACE2 inhibitor and apigenin as RdRp inhibitor in Nimbamritadi Panchatiktam Kashayam against COVID-19: an in silico and in vitro approach.Molecular diversity · 2023Article
- Research progress on pathogenic and therapeutic mechanisms of Enterovirus A71.Archives of virology · 2023Review
- Small Molecules Targeting Viral RNA.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- A comprehensive perspective of traditional Arabic or Islamic medicinal plants as an adjuvant therapy against COVID-19.Saudi journal of biological sciences · 2023Review
- Network pharmacology-based exploration identified the antiviral efficacy of Quercetin isolated from mulberry leaves against enterovirus 71 via the NF-κB signaling pathway.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Target specific inhibition of West Nile virus envelope glycoprotein and methyltransferase using phytocompounds: anFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Renoprotective Effects of Luteolin: Therapeutic Potential for COVID-19-Associated Acute Kidney Injuries.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- Molecular Docking Study of Several Seconder Metabolites from Medicinal Plants as Potential Inhibitors of COVID-19 Main Protease.Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2022Article
- Exploring the phytochemicals ofJournal of King Saud University. Science · 2022Article
- Pharmacological Properties of 4', 5, 7-Trihydroxyflavone (Apigenin) and Its Impact on Cell Signaling Pathways.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- An update of Nrf2 activators and inhibitors in cancer prevention/promotion.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2022Review
- Apigenin Increases Natural Killer Cytotoxicity to Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Expressing HIF-1α through High Interaction of CD95/CD95L.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Flavonoids are widely distributed natural products with broad biological activities. Apigenin is a dietary flavonoid that has recently been demonstrated to interact with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) and interferes with their RNA editing activity. We investigated whether apigenin possessed antiviral activity against enterovirus-71 (EV71) infection since EV71 infection requires of hnRNP proteins. We found that apigenin selectively blocks EV71 infection by disrupting viral RNA association with hnRNP A1 and A2 proteins. The estimated EC50 value for apigenin to block EV71 infection was determined at 10.3 µM, while the CC50 was estimated at 79.0 µM. The anti-EV71 activity was selective since no activity was detected against several DNA and RNA viruses. Although flavonoids in general share similar structural features, apigenin and kaempferol were among tested compounds with significant activity against EV71 infection. hnRNP proteins function as trans-acting factors regulating EV71 translation. We found that apigenin treatment did not affect EV71-induced nucleocytoplasmic redistribution of hnRNP A1 and A2 proteins. Instead, it prevented EV71 RNA association with hnRNP A1 and A2 proteins. Accordingly, suppression of hnRNP A1 and A2 expression markedly reduced EV71 infection. As a positive sense, single strand RNA virus, EV71 has a type I internal ribosome entry site (IRES) that cooperates with host factors and regulates EV71 translation. The effect of apigenin on EV71 infection was further demonstrated using a bicistronic vector that has the expression of a GFP protein under the control of EV71 5'-UTR. We found that apigenin treatment selectively suppressed the expression of GFP, but not a control gene. In addition to identification of apigenin as an antiviral agent against EV71 infection, this study also exemplifies the significance in antiviral agent discovery by targeting host factors essential for viral replication.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.