ArticlePloS one2014
Do implicit and explicit measures of the sense of agency measure the same thing?
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Human bodies in virtual worlds: a systematic review of implicit sense of agency and ownership measured in immersive virtual reality environments.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Is timing everything? Age-related differences in the use of temporal agency cues.Psychological research · 2026Article
- Mobile App-Based Tracking of Daily Explicit and Implicit Sense of Agency Among Adults Living in Japan: Longitudinal Observational Study.JMIR formative research · 2026Observational
- Working Memory as a Candidate Mechanism Linking Aging and the Sense of Agency: A Narrative Review.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Artificial vibrotactile feedback elicits neural correlates of sense of agency.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Reconceptualizing the sense of agency: expanding Decision-level Agency as mental action in the era of generative AI.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Review
- Article
- Article
- The sense of agency in near and far space: where do we stand?Neuroscience of consciousness · 2026Article
- Predictive processes linking sense of agency and fatigue: a novel allostatic framework.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Behavioural and electrophysiological correlates of sensory attenuation in the somatosensory and auditory modality within a virtual reality setup.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Active disambiguation guides inferring controllability and cause in social interactions.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Both first-hand and vicarious social ostracism reduces sense of agency and body ownership: evidence from explicit and implicit measures.Experimental brain research · 2025Article
- Goals rather than predictions determine the sense of agency.iScience · 2025Article
- Reduced sensory attenuation is related to aberrant interoceptive influences on intentional binding in schizophrenia.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2025Article
- Linking actions and memories: Probing the interplay of action-effect congruency, agency experience, and recognition memory.Memory & cognition · 2025Article
- ERP correlates of agency processing in joint action.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2025Article
- Implicit and explicit sense of agency in individuals with obsessive-compulsive tendencies.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- A Turkish translation and validation of the Sense of Agency Scale (SoAS-TR).Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Validation of the Italian Sense of Agency Scale and Its Relevance to Well-Being: An Iterative Bootstrap Approach.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The sense of agency (SoA) refers to perceived causality of the self, i.e. the feeling of causing something to happen. The SoA has been probed using a variety of explicit and implicit measures. Explicit measures include rating scales and questionnaires. Implicit measures, which include sensory attenuation and temporal binding, use perceptual differences between self- and externally generated stimuli as measures of the SoA. In the present study, we investigated whether the different measures tap into the same self-attribution processes by determining whether individual differences on implicit and explicit measures of SoA are correlated. Participants performed tasks in which they triggered tones via key presses (operant condition) or passively listened to tones triggered by a computer (observational condition). We replicated previously reported effects of sensory attenuation and temporal binding. Surprisingly the two implicit measures of SoA were not significantly correlated with each other, nor did they correlate with the explicit measures of SoA. Our results suggest that some explicit and implicit measures of the SoA may tap into different processes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.