Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25329799›Full record

Trial reportPloS one2014

Short and long term effects of left and bilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in schizophrenia patients with auditory verbal hallucinations: a randomized controlled trial.

Leonie Bais, Ans Vercammen, Roy Stewart, Frank van Es, Bert Visser, André Aleman, Henderikus Knegtering

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  4. Guideline
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  10. Trial
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  12. Article
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  15. Effectiveness of Prefrontal Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Depression in Older US Military Veterans.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry · 2024
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  19. Cost-utility analysis of rTMS as add-on therapy to standard care for the treatment of hallucinations in schizophrenia.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2022
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Leonie BaisUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Neuroscience and BCN NeuroImaging Center, Groningen, The Netherlands; Lentis Psychiatric Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Ans VercammenAustralian Catholic University, Strathfield, Australia.
Roy StewartUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Frank van EsUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Rob Giel Research Center, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Bert VisserUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands.
André AlemanUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Neuroscience and BCN NeuroImaging Center, Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, Department of Psychology, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Henderikus KnegteringUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Neuroscience and BCN NeuroImaging Center, Groningen, The Netherlands; Lentis Psychiatric Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Rob Giel Research Center, Groningen, The Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the left temporo-parietal junction area has been studied as a treatment option for auditory verbal hallucinations. Although the right temporo-parietal junction area has also shown involvement in the genesis of auditory verbal hallucinations, no studies have used bilateral stimulation. Moreover, little is known about durability effects. We studied the short and long term effects of 1 Hz treatment of the left temporo-parietal junction area in schizophrenia patients with persistent auditory verbal hallucinations, compared to sham stimulation, and added an extra treatment arm of bilateral TPJ area stimulation.

methodsIn this randomized controlled trial, 51 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and persistent auditory verbal hallucinations were randomly allocated to treatment of the left or bilateral temporo-parietal junction area or sham treatment. Patients were treated for six days, twice daily for 20 minutes. Short term efficacy was measured with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Auditory Hallucinations Rating Scale (AHRS), and the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS). We included follow-up measures with the AHRS and PANAS at four weeks and three months.

resultsThe interaction between time and treatment for Hallucination item P3 of the PANSS showed a trend for significance, caused by a small reduction of scores in the left group. Although self-reported hallucination scores, as measured with the AHRS and PANAS, decreased significantly during the trial period, there were no differences between the three treatment groups.

conclusionWe did not find convincing evidence for the efficacy of left-sided rTMS, compared to sham rTMS. Moreover, bilateral rTMS was not superior over left rTMS or sham in improving AVH. Optimizing treatment parameters may result in stronger evidence for the efficacy of rTMS treatment of AVH. Moreover, future research should consider investigating factors predicting individual response.

trial registrationDutch Trial Register NTR1813.

Indexed as

Transcranial Magnetic StimulationAdultFemaleHallucinationsHumansMaleSafetySchizophreniaSeverity of Illness IndexTime Factors

Identifiers

PMID25329799
PMCPMC4203691

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.