ArticlePloS one2014
Chemokine mediated monocyte trafficking into the retina: role of inflammation in alteration of the blood-retinal barrier in diabetic retinopathy.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 143 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
143 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 244 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of diabetes on microglial physiology: a systematic review of in vitro, preclinical and clinical studies.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Pooled it
- Systemic inflammatory regulators and proliferative diabetic retinopathy: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Beyond hyperglycaemia: diabetic retinopathy is a multifactorial complication of diabetes mellitus.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Putative mechanisms of ocular inflammation in syphilis.Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection · 2026Review
- Blood-Ocular Barrier Dysfunction in Uveitis: A Bidirectional Model Linking Pathogenesis, Clinical Monitoring, and Therapeutic Opportunities.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Advances in the Role of the CD40-CD154 Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Retinopathy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Molecular stress and neurovascular injury in the diabetic retina.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Ocular surface inflammatory cytokines as a biomarker for retinopathy of prematurity.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- Causal association between circulating leukocyte characteristics and diabetic retinopathy based on two-sample Mendelian randomization.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2026Article
- Principles of resident tissue macrophages revealed by the eye.Advances in immunology · 2026Review
- The role of interleukin-6 in diabetic retinal disease: pathophysiology and therapeutic targeting.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Cytokines in age-related eye diseases: pathogenesis and potential targets for innovative therapies.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Article
- Review
- The Calcium Signalling Profile of the Inner Blood-Retinal Barrier in Diabetic Retinopathy.Cells · 2025Review
- Changes in expression of inflammatory cytokines and ocular indicators in pre-diabetic patients with cataract.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Causal role of plasma liposome in diabetic retinopathy: mendelian randomization (MR) study.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- The Role of Fractalkine in Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathophysiology and Clinical Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Exploration Progress on Inflammatory Responses and Immune Regulatory Mechanisms in Diabetic Retinopathy.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- Monocytes in Retinal Degeneration: Little Cells with a Big Impact.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
83 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Inflammation in the diabetic retina is mediated by leukocyte adhesion to the retinal vasculature and alteration of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB). We investigated the role of chemokines in the alteration of the BRB in diabetes. Animals were made diabetic by streptozotocin injection and analyzed for gene expression and monocyte/macrophage infiltration. The expression of CCL2 (chemokine ligand 2) was significantly up-regulated in the retinas of rats with 4 and 8 weeks of diabetes and also in human retinal endothelial cells treated with high glucose and glucose flux. Additionally, diabetes or intraocular injection of recombinant CCL2 resulted in increased expression of the macrophage marker, F4/80. Cell culture impedance sensing studies showed that purified CCL2 was unable to alter the integrity of the human retinal endothelial cell barrier, whereas monocyte conditioned medium resulted in significant reduction in cell resistance, suggesting the relevance of CCL2 in early immune cell recruitment for subsequent barrier alterations. Further, using Cx3cr1-GFP mice, we found that intraocular injection of CCL2 increased retinal GFP+ monocyte/macrophage infiltration. When these mice were made diabetic, increased infiltration of monocytes/macrophages was also present in retinal tissues. Diabetes and CCL2 injection also induced activation of retinal microglia in these animals. Quantification by flow cytometry demonstrated a two-fold increase of CX3CR1+/CD11b+ (monocyte/macrophage and microglia) cells in retinas of wildtype diabetic animals in comparison to control non-diabetic ones. Using CCL2 knockout (Ccl2-/-) mice, we show a significant reduction in retinal vascular leakage and monocyte infiltration following induction of diabetes indicating the importance of this chemokine in alteration of the BRB. Thus, CCL2 may be an important therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetic macular edema.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.