Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25327758›Full record

ArticleThe Prostate2015

Reduced expression of GDF-15 is associated with atrophic inflammatory lesions of the prostate.

James R Lambert, Ramon J Whitson, Kenneth A Iczkowski, Francisco G La Rosa, Maxwell L Smith, R Storey Wilson, Elizabeth E Smith, Kathleen C Torkko, Hamid H Gari, M Scott Lucia

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Prostate, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed
2.0field-weighted citation impact, top 15% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  11. GDF15, an update of the physiological and pathological roles it plays: a review.Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2020
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

James R LambertDepartment of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
Ramon J Whitson
Kenneth A Iczkowski
Francisco G La Rosa
Maxwell L Smith
R Storey Wilson
Elizabeth E Smith
Kathleen C Torkko
Hamid H Gari
M Scott Lucia
University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus · US

Funding

University of Colorado Cancer Center Support Grant - Lung Cancer Patient-Derived Xenografts with Autologous Human Immune SystemsP30CA046934 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI James V Degregori · 1988 to 2026
$117.0M
Colorado Clinical and Translational Sciences InstituteUL1TR001082 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI SOKOL, RONALD J. · 2013 to 2017
$48.0M
Colorado Clinical and Translational Sciences InstituteTL1TR001081 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI SOKOL, RONALD J. · 2013 to 2017
$1.3M
Colorado Clinical and Translational Science Institute (TL1)TL1TR000155 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI SOKOL, RONALD J. · 2012 to 2013
$294k
NCATS NIH HHS TL1 TR000155NCATS NIH HHS TL1 TR001081NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001082NCI NIH HHS P30 CA046934
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAccumulating evidence suggests that chronic prostatic inflammation may lead to prostate cancer development. Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is highly expressed in the prostate and has been associated with inflammation and tumorigenesis.

methodsTo examine the relationship between GDF-15 and prostatic inflammation, GDF-15 expression was measured by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining in human prostatectomy specimens containing inflammation. The relationship between GDF-15 and specific inflammatory cells was determined using non-biased computer image analysis. To provide insight into a potential suppressive role for GDF-15 in inflammation, activation of inflammatory mediator nuclear factor of kappa B (NFκB) was measured in PC3 cells.

resultsGDF-15 expression in luminal epithelial cells was decreased with increasing inflammation severity, suggesting an inverse association between GDF-15 and inflammation. Quantification of IHC staining by image analysis for GDF-15 and inflammatory cell markers revealed an inverse correlation between GDF-15 and CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD68+, and inos+ leukocytes. GDF-15 suppressed NFκB activity in luciferase reporter assays. Expression of the NFκB target, interleukin 8 (IL-8), was downregulated by GDF-15.

conclusionsThe inverse relationship between GDF-15 and inflammation demonstrates a novel expression pattern for GDF-15 in the human prostate and suppression of NFκB activity may shed light on a potential mechanism for this inverse correlation.

Indexed as

Antigens, CDAtrophyGrowth Differentiation Factor 15HumansMaleNF-kappa BProstateProstatitisAntigens, CDGrowth Differentiation Factor 15NF-kappa BGDF-15inflammationmacrophageNFκB

Identifiers

PMID25327758
PMCPMC4682671
OpenAlexW1953918894

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.