ArticleOncotarget2014
A first in man phase I trial of the oral immunomodulator, indoximod, combined with docetaxel in patients with metastatic solid tumors.
Article in Oncotarget, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 170 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neutropenia and docetaxel exposure in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients: A meta-analysis and evaluation of a clinical cohort.Cancer medicine · 2019Pooled it
- Neuroimaging of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (Ido1) in Alzheimer's disease: Development of a novelMaterials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Modulation of the Kynurenine Pathway: A New Approach for Treating Neurodegeneration.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Tryptophan metabolism in tumor immune escape: mechanisms, cellular crosstalk, and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Bacterial tryptophan metabolites in cancer and atherosclerosis: insights for a role in immune checkpoint inhibition.Essays in biochemistry · 2025Review
- Immunotherapy in gastrointestinal stromal tumors: Current landscape and future horizons.World journal of clinical oncology · 2025Article
- IDO and TDO inhibitors in cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms, clinical development, and future directions.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 in cancer immunotherapy: from small-molecule inhibition to PROTAC-mediated degradation.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Recent Advancements in Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer.Cancer treatment and research · 2025Review
- Comprehensive analysis of the prognostic value and immunological role of IDO1 gene in pan-cancer.European journal of medical research · 2024Article
- Nanodelivery Optimization of IDO1 Inhibitors in Tumor Immunotherapy: Challenges and Strategies.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Review
- Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Deletion to Modulate Kynurenine Pathway and to Prevent Brain Injury after Cardiac Arrest in Mice.Anesthesiology · 2023Article
- Preclinical PK investigation of a novel IDO1/TDO dual inhibitor-SHR9146 in mouse plasma and tissues by LC-MS/MS.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- The kynurenine pathway presents multi-faceted metabolic vulnerabilities in cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- The kynurenine pathway in HIV, frailty and inflammaging.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitors and cancer immunotherapy.Cancer treatment reviews · 2022Review
- USP14 promotes tryptophan metabolism and immune suppression by stabilizing IDO1 in colorectal cancer.Nature communications · 2022Article
- The Immunomodulatory Enzyme IDO2 Mediates Autoimmune Arthritis through a Nonenzymatic Mechanism.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022Article
- Targeting Indoleamine Dioxygenase and Tryptophan Dioxygenase in Cancer Immunotherapy: Clinical Progress and Challenges.Drug design, development and therapy · 2022Review
- Design, synthesis and evaluation of tryptophan analogues as tool compounds to study IDO1 activity.RSC chemical biology · 2021Article
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIndoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an enzyme that tumors use to create a state of immunosuppression. Indoximod is an IDO pathway inhibitor. Preclinical studies demonstrated that indoximod combined with chemotherapy was synergistic in a mouse model of breast cancer. A phase I 3+3 trial was designed to study the combination of docetaxel and indoximod.
methodsDocetaxel was administered at 60 mg/m2 intravenously every 3 weeks dose levels 1-4 and 75 mg/m2 for dose level 5. Indoximod was given at 300, 600, 1000, 2000, and 1200 mg PO twice daily continuously for levels 1-5, respectively. Serum drug levels were measured.
resultsTwenty-seven patients were treated, with 22 evaluable for response. DLTs included grade 3 dehydration (level 1), hypotension(level 4), mucositis (level 4) and grade 5 enterocolitis (level 2). Dose level 5 is the recommended phase II dose. The most frequent adverse events were fatigue (58.6%), anemia (51.7%), hyperglycemia (48.3%), infection (44.8%), and nausea (41.4%). There were 4 partial responses (2 breast, 1 NSCLC, 1 thymic tumor). No drug-drug interactions were noted.
conclusionsDocetaxel plus indoximod was well tolerated with no increase in expected toxicities or pharmacokinetic interactions. It was active in a pretreated population of patients with metastatic solid tumors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.