ArticleNature2015
Hepatitis A virus and the origins of picornaviruses.
Article in Nature, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 117 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
117 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- The low-density lipoprotein receptor LDLR mediates cellular entry of nonenveloped hepatitis A virus.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Viral communities and identification of a parvovirus and two picornaviruses in geese with gout.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2026Article
- Immunogenicity assessment of Hepatitis A-VP1 and Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) fusion protein: a novel bivalent vaccine candidate.Iranian journal of microbiology · 2025Article
- The hepatocyte traffic network in the human hepatitis A virus biological cycle from an evolutionary perspective.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Development of Visual Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assays for Foodborne Hepatitis A Virus.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Long-Term Surveillance of Food Products of Diverse Origins: A Five-Year Survey of Hepatitis A and Norovirus in Greece, 2019-2024.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Enhanced replication of a hepatitis A virus vaccine strain via adaptation in Vero cells.Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2025Article
- The Hepatoprotective Effects of Ginsenoside from Ginseng: A Review of Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potentials.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2025Review
- The Conserved YPXViruses · 2024Article
- Identification and Genomic Characterization of Two Novel Hepatoviruses in Shrews from Yunnan Province, China.Viruses · 2024Article
- A Reliable Multifaceted Solution against Foodborne Viral Infections: The Case of RiLK1 Decapeptide.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Divergent Genotype of Hepatitis A Virus in Alpacas, Bolivia, 2019.Emerging infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Hepatitis A virus infection.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2023Review
- Cell entry and release of quasi-enveloped human hepatitis viruses.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2023Review
- PRSC chemical biology · 2023Review
- Hepatitis a Vaccine as Opportunity of Primary Prevention for Food Handlers: A Narrative Review.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Capsid structure of a fungal dsRNA megabirnavirus reveals its previously unidentified surface architecture.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Review
57 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) remains enigmatic, despite 1.4 million cases worldwide annually. It differs radically from other picornaviruses, existing in an enveloped form and being unusually stable, both genetically and physically, but has proved difficult to study. Here we report high-resolution X-ray structures for the mature virus and the empty particle. The structures of the two particles are indistinguishable, apart from some disorder on the inside of the empty particle. The full virus contains the small viral protein VP4, whereas the empty particle harbours only the uncleaved precursor, VP0. The smooth particle surface is devoid of depressions that might correspond to receptor-binding sites. Peptide scanning data extend the previously reported VP3 antigenic site, while structure-based predictions suggest further epitopes. HAV contains no pocket factor and can withstand remarkably high temperature and low pH, and empty particles are even more robust than full particles. The virus probably uncoats via a novel mechanism, being assembled differently to other picornaviruses. It utilizes a VP2 'domain swap' characteristic of insect picorna-like viruses, and structure-based phylogenetic analysis places HAV between typical picornaviruses and the insect viruses. The enigmatic properties of HAV may reflect its position as a link between 'modern' picornaviruses and the more 'primitive' precursor insect viruses; for instance, HAV retains the ability to move from cell-to-cell by transcytosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.