ArticlePediatric surgery international2014
Differential expression of granulocyte, macrophage, and hypoxia markers during early and late wound healing stages following transplantation of tissue-engineered skin substitutes of human origin.
Article in Pediatric surgery international, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Differentiation of acute versus chronic skin rejection in a rodent model of vascularized composite allotransplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Article
- Immunomodulation of Skin Repair: Cell-Based Therapeutic Strategies for Skin Replacement (A Comprehensive Review).Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Cellular human tissue-engineered skin substitutes investigated for deep and difficult to heal injuries.NPJ Regenerative medicine · 2021Review
- Review
- Characterization of M1 and M2 polarization of macrophages in vascularized human dermo-epidermal skin substitutes in vivo.Pediatric surgery international · 2018Article
- Comparison of in vivo immune responses following transplantation of vascularized and non-vascularized human dermo-epidermal skin substitutes.Pediatric surgery international · 2017Article
- About ATMPs, SOPs and GMP: The Hurdles to Produce Novel Skin Grafts for Clinical Use.Transfusion medicine and hemotherapy : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Transfusionsmedizin und Immunhamatologie · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeHuman pigmented tissue-engineered skin substitutes represent an advanced therapeutic option to treat skin defects. The inflammatory response is one of the major factors determining integration and long-term survival of such a graft in vivo. The aim of the present study was to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution of host-derived macrophage and granulocyte graft infiltration as well as hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1-alpha) expression in a (nu/nu) rat model.
methodsKeratinocytes, melanocytes, and fibroblasts derived from human skin biopsies were isolated, cultured, and expanded in vitro. Dermal fibroblasts were seeded into collagen type I hydrogels that were subsequently covered by keratinocytes and melanocytes in 5:1 ratio. These pigmented dermo-epidermal skin substitutes were transplanted onto full-thickness skin wounds on the back of immuno-incompetent rats and analyzed at early (1 and 3 weeks) and late (6 and 12 weeks) stages of wound healing. The expression of distinct inflammatory cell markers specific for granulocytes (HIS48) or macrophages (CD11b, CD68), as well as HIF-1-alpha were analyzed and quantified by immunofluorescence microscopy.
resultsOur data demonstrate that granulocytes infiltrate the entire graft at 1 week post-transplantation. This was followed by monocyte/macrophage recruitment to the graft at 3-12 weeks. The macrophages were initially restricted to the borders of the graft (early stages), and were then found throughout the entire graft (late stages). We observed a time-dependent decrease of macrophages. Only a few graft-infiltrating granulocytes were found between 6-12 weeks, mostly at the graft borders. A heterogeneous expression of HIF-1-alpha was observed at both early and late wound healing stages.
conclusionsOur findings demonstrate the spatiotemporal distribution of inflammatory cells in our transplants closely resembles the one documented for physiological wound healing.
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