ArticleMalaria journal2014
Detection of mixed infection level of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax by SYBR Green I-based real-time PCR in North Gondar, north-west Ethiopia.
Article in Malaria journal, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessment of malaria prevalence and determinants among clinically suspected individuals attending Dejen Primary Hospital, East Gojjam Zone, northwest Ethiopia.Malaria journal · 2026Article
- Current practices and innovative diagnostics for Malaria in Ethiopia: a scoping review.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Malaria-GENOMAP: a web-based tool for exploring genomic variation of malaria parasites.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Evidence of Submicroscopic Malaria Parasitemia, Soil-Transmitted Helminths, and Their Coinfections Among Forest-Fringed Orang Asli Communities in Peninsular Malaysia.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- A case of an asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infection followed by a symptomatic Plasmodium ovale infection in a soldier deployed to South Sudan.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Two Multiplexed qPCR Assays for Malaria Detection and Speciation: A Comparative Study With Nested PCR and Microscopy.Journal of parasitology research · 2025Article
- MixedF1000Research · 2025Article
- Epidemiology and diversity of Plasmodium species in Franceville and their implications for malaria control.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The Laboratory Diagnosis of Malaria: A Focus on the Diagnostic Assays in Non-Endemic Areas.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Diagnosis and management of malaria in the intensive care unit.Journal of intensive medicine · 2024Review
- Vivax malaria: a possible stumbling block for malaria elimination in India.Frontiers in public health · 2023Review
- Malaria diagnostic update: From conventional to advanced method.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2022Review
- A direct, sensitive and high-throughput genus and species-specific molecular assay for large-scale malaria screening.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2022Article
- Malaria prevalence and performance of diagnostic tests among patients hospitalized with acute undifferentiated fever in Zanzibar.Malaria journal · 2022Article
- Evaluating performance of multiplex real time PCR for the diagnosis of malaria at elimination targeted low transmission settings of Ethiopia.Malaria journal · 2022Article
- Diagnostic Methods for Non-Falciparum Malaria.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- A 7-Year Trend of Malaria at Primary Health Facilities in Northwest Ethiopia.Journal of parasitology research · 2020Article
- Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum Pfcrt and Pfmdr1 alleles in settings with different levels of Plasmodium vivax co-endemicity in Ethiopia.International journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance · 2019Article
- The Burden of Malaria Incidence in Subaim, East Halmahera, North Maluku, Indonesia in 2016.Open access Macedonian journal of medical sciences · 2019Article
- Field evaluation of malaria malachite green loop-mediated isothermal amplification in health posts in Roraima state, Brazil.Malaria journal · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMalaria is caused by five Plasmodium species and transmitted by anopheline mosquitoes. It occurs in single and mixed infections. Mixed infection easily leads to misdiagnosis. Accurate detection of malaria species is vital. Therefore, the study was conducted to determine the level of mixed infection and misdiagnosis of malaria species in the study area using SYBR Green I-based real time PCR.
methodsThe study was conducted in seven health centres from North Gondar, north-west Ethiopia. The data of all febrile patients, who attended the outpatient department for malaria diagnosis, from October to December 2013, was recorded. Dried blood spots were prepared from 168 positive samples for molecular re-evaluation. Parasite DNA was extracted using a commercial kit and Plasmodium species were re-evaluated with SYBR Green I-based real time PCR to detect mixed infections and misdiagnosed mono-infections.
resultsAmong 7343 patients who were diagnosed for malaria in six study sites within the second quarter of the Ethiopian fiscal year (2013) 1802 (24.54%) were positive for malaria parasite. Out of this, 1,216 (67.48%) Plasmodium falciparum, 553 (30.68%) Plasmodium vivax and 33 (1.8%) mixed infections of both species were recorded. The result showed high prevalence of P. falciparum and P. vivax, but very low prevalence of mixed infections. Among 168 samples collected on dried blood spot 7 (4.17%) were P. vivax, 158 (94.05%) were P. falciparum and 3 (1.80%) were mixed infections of both species. After re-evaluation 10 (5.95%) P. vivax, 112 (66.67%) P. falciparum, 21 (12.50%) P. falciparum + P. vivax mixed infection, and 17 (10.12%) Plasmodium ovale positive rate was recorded. The re-evaluation showed high level of mixed infection, and misdiagnosis of P. ovale and P. vivax.
conclusionsThe result shows that P. falciparum prevalence is higher than P. vivax in the study area. The results, obtained from SYBR Green I-based real time PCR, indicated that the diagnosis efficiency of microscopy is very low for species-specific and mixed infection detection. Therefore, real time PCR-based species diagnosis should be applied for clinical diagnosis and quality control purposes in order to prevent the advent of drug resistant strains due to misdiagnosis and mistreatment.
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