ArticleBehavioural pharmacology2014
Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-like discriminative stimulus effects of compounds commonly found in K2/Spice.
Article in Behavioural pharmacology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effects of synthetic cannabinoids on psychomotor, sensory and cognitive functions relevant for safe driving.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Locomotor and discriminative stimulus effects of NBOH hallucinogens in rodents.Behavioural pharmacology · 2025Article
- Different development patterns of reward behaviors induced by ketamine and JWH-018 in striatal GAD67 knockdown mice.Journal of veterinary science · 2024Article
- A critical assessment of the abuse, dependence and associated safety risks of naturally occurring and synthetic cannabinoids.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Review
- Effects of cannabinoid agonists and antagonists in male rats discriminating the synthetic cannabinoid AM2201.European journal of pharmacology · 2023Article
- Structure-activity relationships for 5F-MDMB-PICA and its 5F-pentylindole analogs to induce cannabinoid-like effects in mice.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Self-administration of inhaled delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and synthetic cannabinoids in non-human primates.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2021Article
- Sex and Gender Differences in the Effects of Novel Psychoactive Substances.Brain sciences · 2020Review
- Critical Illness Secondary to Synthetic Cannabinoid Ingestion.JAMA network open · 2020Article
- In vitro and in vivo pharmacological evaluation of the synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist EG-018.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2020Article
- Effects of the synthetic cannabinoid 5F-AMB on anxiety and recognition memory in mice.Psychopharmacology · 2019Article
- Finding order in chemical chaos - Continuing characterization of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists.Neuropharmacology · 2018Article
- Molecular and Behavioral Pharmacological Characterization of Abused Synthetic Cannabinoids MMB- and MDMB-FUBINACA, MN-18, NNEI, CUMYL-PICA, and 5-Fluoro-CUMYL-PICA.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2018Article
- ΔPsychopharmacology · 2018Article
- Discriminative Stimulus Properties of Phytocannabinoids, Endocannabinoids, and Synthetic Cannabinoids.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2018Review
- Repeated Exposure to the "Spice" Cannabinoid JWH-018 Induces Tolerance and Enhances Responsiveness to 5-HTFrontiers in psychiatry · 2018Article
- Apparent Affinity Estimates and Reversal of the Effects of Synthetic Cannabinoids AM-2201, CP-47,497, JWH-122, and JWH-250 by Rimonabant in Rhesus Monkeys.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2017Article
- Comparison of the discriminative stimulus and response rate effects ofDrug and alcohol dependence · 2017Article
- Tripping with Synthetic Cannabinoids ("Spice"): Anecdotal and Experimental Observations in Animals and Man.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2017Review
- Synthetic Cathinone and Cannabinoid Designer Drugs Pose a Major Risk for Public Health.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
A number of cannabinoid compounds are being sold in the form of incense as 'legal' alternatives to marijuana. The purpose of these experiments was to determine whether the most common of these compounds have discriminative stimulus effects similar to Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ-THC), the main active component in marijuana. Locomotor depressant effects of JWH-018, JWH-073, JWH-200, JWH-203, JWH-250, AM-2201, and CP 47,497-C8-homolog were tested in mice. The compounds were then tested for substitution in rats trained to discriminate Δ-THC (3 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). The time course of the peak dose of each compound was also tested. Each of the synthetic cannabinoids dose-dependently decreased locomotor activity for 1-2 h. Each of the compounds fully substituted for the discriminative stimulus effects of Δ-THC, mostly at doses that produced only marginal amounts of rate suppression. JWH-250 and CP 47,497-C8-homolog suppressed response rates at doses that fully substituted for Δ-THC. The time courses varied markedly between compounds. Most of the compounds had a shorter onset than Δ-THC, and the effects of three of the compounds lasted substantially longer (JWH-073, JWH-250, and CP 47,497-C8-homolog). Several of the most commonly used synthetic cannabinoids produce behavioral effects comparable with those of Δ-THC, which suggests that these compounds may share the psychoactive effects of marijuana responsible for abuse liability. The extremely long time course of the discriminative stimulus effects and adverse effects of CP 47,497-C8-homolog suggest that CP 47,497-C8-homolog may be associated with increased hazards among humans.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.