ReviewFrontiers in immunology2014
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor meets immunology: friend or foe? A little of both.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epigenome-wide meta-analysis of PTSD across 10 military and civilian cohorts identifies methylation changes in AHRR.Nature communications · 2020Pooled it
- Trial
- Aryl hydrocarbon receptor deficiency triggers the activation of γδT17 cells to exacerbate autoimmune inflammation.Science advances · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota in Henoch-Schönlein purpura: from pathogenesis to therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Kynurenic Acid Analog Attenuates the Production of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Calgranulins (S100A 8/9 and S100A 12), and the Secretion of HNP1-3, and Stimulates the Production of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Stimulated Gene-6 (TSG-6) but Does Not Alter IL-17 Levels in Whole-Blood Cultures of Patients with Spondyloarthritis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Examining the timing of trauma, PTSD onset, and DNA methylation: A multicohort investigation of candidate CpG sites.Journal of psychiatric research · 2025Article
- Molecular Insights Into the Interaction of Tryptophan Metabolites With Tryptophan and Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenases: Nitric Oxide a New Effector of Tryptophan 2,3-Dioxygenase and Their Roles in Infection.International journal of tryptophan research : IJTR · 2025Article
- The role of the kynurenine pathway in cardiovascular disease.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Review
- Heavy metals, oxidative stress, and the role of AhR signaling.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2024Review
- The kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism: a neglected therapeutic target of COVID-19 pathophysiology and immunotherapy.Bioscience reports · 2023Article
- Article
- T lymphocyte cell: A pivotal player in lung cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Association between altered tryptophan metabolism, plasma aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists, and inflammatory Chagas disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Tryptophan metabolism and disposition in cancer biology and immunotherapy.Bioscience reports · 2022Article
- Carbidopa, an activator of aryl hydrocarbon receptor, suppresses IDO1 expression in pancreatic cancer and decreases tumor growth.The Biochemical journal · 2022Article
- Unbalanced IDO1/IDO2 Endothelial Expression and Skewed Keynurenine Pathway in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 and Post-COVID-19 Pneumonia.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Differential Expression of Genes Involved in Metabolism and Immune Response in Diffuse and Intestinal Gastric Cancers, a Pilot Ptudy.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- The aryl hydrocarbon receptor as a model PAS sensor.Toxicology reports · 2022Review
- Discrete Biochemical Systems Theory.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Article
- More than Meets the Eye: The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor is an Environmental Sensor, Physiological Regulator and a Therapeutic Target in Ocular Disease.Frontiers in toxicology · 2022Review
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) has long been studied by toxicologists as a ligand-activated transcription factor that is activated by dioxin and other environmental pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The hallmark of AHR activation is the upregulation of the cytochrome P450 enzymes that metabolize many of these toxic compounds. However, recent findings demonstrate that both exogenous and endogenous AHR ligands can alter innate and adaptive immune responses including effects on T-cell differentiation. Kynurenine, a tryptophan breakdown product, is one such endogenous ligand of the AHR. Expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase by dendritic cells causes accumulation of kynurenine and results in subsequent tolerogenic effects including increased regulatory T-cell activity. At the same time, PAHs found in pollution enhance Th17 differentiation in the lungs of exposed mice via the AHR. In this perspective, we will discuss the importance of the AHR in the immune system and the role this might play in normal physiology and response to disease.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.