Observational studyJournal of the American Heart Association2014
HIV infection and cardiovascular disease in women.
Observational study in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Viral Infections and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Pooled it
- Comorbidities in women living with HIV: A systematic review.HIV medicine · 2022Pooled it
- HIV, Vascular Risk Factors, and Cognition in the Combination Antiretroviral Therapy Era: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2021Pooled it
- Global burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in people with hepatitis C virus infection: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and modelling study.The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2019Pooled it
- Global Burden of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in People Living With HIV: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Circulation · 2018Pooled it
- Myocardial Steatosis Among Antiretroviral Therapy-Treated People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Participating in the REPRIEVE Trial.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2020 · on this mapTrial
- HIV infection does not prevent the metabolic benefits of diet-induced weight loss in women with obesity.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2017Trial
- Stroke in HIV-infected individuals with and without HCV coinfection in Spain in the combination antiretroviral therapy era.PloS one · 2017Trial
- Host Genetic Regulation of NLRP3 Inflammasome Cytokines Reveals Immune and Vascular Pathways in HIV.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Gender Differences in Statin Discontinuation and Adherence Among Privately Insured People with HIV in the USA.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026 · on this mapObservational
- Acceptability and feasibility of fitness watches to monitor sleep and physical activity among women living with HIV: broadening the approach to optimizing cardiovascular health.Frontiers in digital health · 2026Article
- HIV-Associated Heart Failure: Phenotypes and Clinical Outcomes in a Safety-Net Setting.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- What Women with HIV Know about Heart Health and Cardiovascular Risk and Intervention Preferences.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Hormonal Contraception and Risk of Cardiometabolic Disease in Women with HIV.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2024Article
- Cardiology Encounters for Underrepresented Racial and Ethnic Groups with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Borderline Cardiovascular Disease Risk.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Article
- HIV-Associated Hypertension: Risks, Mechanisms, and Knowledge Gaps.Circulation research · 2024Review
- HIV-Associated Heart Failure: Phenotypes and Clinical Outcomes in a Safety-Net Setting.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Potential Advantages of a Well-balanced Nutrition Regimen for People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type -1.Journal of AIDS and HIV treatment · 2024Article
- Effect of Sex on Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction in People Living With HIV.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2022Article
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection-Associated Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Review
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
23 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHIV infection is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in men. Whether HIV is an independent risk factor for CVD in women has not yet been established. METHODS AND
resultsWe analyzed data from the Veterans Aging Cohort Study on 2187 women (32% HIV infected [HIV(+)]) who were free of CVD at baseline. Participants were followed from their first clinical encounter on or after April 01, 2003 until a CVD event, death, or the last follow-up date (December 31, 2009). The primary outcome was CVD (acute myocardial infarction [AMI], unstable angina, ischemic stroke, and heart failure). CVD events were defined using clinical data, International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes, and/or death certificate data. We used Cox proportional hazards models to assess the association between HIV and incident CVD, adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, lipids, smoking, blood pressure, diabetes, renal disease, obesity, hepatitis C, and substance use/abuse. Median follow-up time was 6.0 years. Mean age at baseline of HIV(+) and HIV uninfected (HIV(-)) women was 44.0 versus 43.2 years (P<0.05). Median time to CVD event was 3.1 versus 3.7 years (P=0.11). There were 86 incident CVD events (53%, HIV(+)): AMI, 13%; unstable angina, 8%; ischemic stroke, 22%; and heart failure, 57%. Incident CVD/1000 person-years was significantly higher among HIV(+) (13.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]=10.1, 18.1) than HIV(-) women (5.3; 95% CI=3.9, 7.3; P<0.001). HIV(+) women had an increased risk of CVD, compared to HIV(-) (hazard ratio=2.8; 95% CI=1.7, 4.6; P<0.001).
conclusionsHIV is associated with an increased risk of CVD in women.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.