ArticleBMJ open2014
Low utilisation of diabetes medicines in Iran, despite their affordability (2000-2012): a time-series and benchmarking study.
Article in BMJ open, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Challenges of managing diabetes in Iran: meta-synthesis of qualitative studies.BMC health services research · 2020Pooled it
- Pharmaceutical policies: effects of financial incentives for prescribers.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015Pooled it
- Leveraging nationwide epidemiological big data for diabetes modeling and disease surveillance: an innovative approach for advancing public health policy in developing countries.BMC research notes · 2025Article
- Antidiabetic drug utilization pattern, affordability and cost analysis in Iran from 2009 to 2021: A need to revise guideline.PloS one · 2025Article
- Availability and affordability of antidiabetic medicines in Herat of Afghanistan in 2023.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2024Article
- Dementia prevalence among hospitalized older patients: a multicenter study in Iran.Dementia & neuropsychologia · 2024Article
- Main drivers of diabetes pharmaceuticals expenditures: evidence from OECD countries and Iran.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2023Article
- Management goal achievements of diabetes care in Iran: study profile and main findings of DiaCare survey.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2023Article
- Utilization Trend of Parenteral Antidiabetic Drugs in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Covered by Iran Health Insurance Organization from 2011 to 2030.Iranian journal of public health · 2023Article
- Catastrophic pharmaceutical expenditure in patients with type 2 diabetes in Iran.International journal for equity in health · 2022Article
- Prevalence of Diabetes and Prediabetes, and Achievements in Diabetes Control in Iran; The Results of the STEPS of 2016.Archives of Iranian medicine · 2022Article
- A ten-year study of anti-diabetic drugs utilization in Iran.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2022Article
- How mothers of a child with type 1 diabetes cope with the burden of care: a qualitative study.BMC endocrine disorders · 2022Article
- Affordability of Medication Therapy in Diabetic Patients: A Scenario-Based Assessment in Iran's Health System Context.International journal of health policy and management · 2022Article
- Outpatient cardiovascular diseases and diabetes medicines dispensing in the population with government health insurance in Syria between 2018 and 2019: a retrospective analysis.BMC health services research · 2021Article
- Prevalence and determinants of diabetes and prediabetes in southwestern Iran: the Khuzestan comprehensive health study (KCHS).BMC endocrine disorders · 2021Article
- Utilization, Cost, and Affordability of Antihypertensive Therapy in Bulgaria.Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research : IJPR · 2021Article
- Affordability Assessment from a Static to Dynamic Concept: A Scenario-Based Assessment of Cardiovascular Medicines.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- The prescription pattern of initial treatment for type 2 diabetes in Beijing from 2011 to 2015.Medicine · 2019 · on this mapObservational
- Despite Affordability, Low Utilization of Lipid Lowering Drugs in Iran: Trend Analysis and Benchmarking 2005-2016.Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research : IJPR · 2019Article
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3 authors.
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Abstract
objectivesDiabetes is a major public health concern worldwide, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Limited data exist on the status of access to diabetes medicines in LMICs. We assessed the utilisation and affordability of diabetes medicines in Iran as a middle-income country.
designWe used a retrospective time-series design (2000-2012) and assessed national diabetes medicines' utilisation using pharmaceuticals wholesale data.
methodsWe calculated defined daily dose consumptions per population days (DDDs/1000 inhabitants/day; DIDs) indicator. Findings were benchmarked with data from Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. We also employed Drug Utilization-90% (DU-90) method to compare DU-90s with the Essential Medicines List published by the WHO. We measured affordability using number of minimum daily wage required to purchase a treatment course for 1 month.
resultsDiabetes medicines' consumption increased from 4.47 to 33.54 DIDs. The benchmarking showed that medicines' utilisation in Iran in 2011 was only 54% of the median DIDs of 22 OECD countries. Oral hypoglycaemic agents consisted over 80% of use throughout the study period. Regular and isophane insulin (NPH), glibenclamide, metformin and gliclazide were the DU-90 drugs in 2012. Metformin, glibenclamide and regular/NPH insulin combination therapy were affordable throughout the study period (∼0.4, ∼0.1, ∼0.3 of minimum daily wage, respectively). While the affordability of novel insulin preparations improved over time, they were still unaffordable in 2012.
conclusionsThe utilisation of diabetes medicines was relatively low, perhaps due to underdiagnosis and inadequate management of patients with diabetes. This had occurred despite affordability of essential diabetes medicines in Iran. Appropriate policies are required to address the underutilisation of diabetes medicines in Iran.
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