ArticleYonsei medical journal2014
Increased expression of cathelicidin by direct activation of protease-activated receptor 2: possible implications on the pathogenesis of rosacea.
Article in Yonsei medical journal, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting Neurovascular Inflammation in Rosacea: A Systematic Review of Botulinum Toxin Therapy.Cureus · 2026Review
- Lithospermic acid, a novel KLK5 inhibitor, ameliorates rosacea by suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and rectifying phenylalanine metabolism.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Genetic analyses reveal association between rosacea and cardiovascular diseases.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- LL37-driven mast cell degranulation and inflammation in rosacea via TLR2/JAK2/STAT3 axis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Signaling pathways and targeted therapy for rosacea.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Protease-Activated Receptor 2 in inflammatory skin disease: current evidence and future perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Update on protease-activated receptor 2 in inflammatory and autoimmune dermatological diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Evaluation of Dermatological and Neurological Aspects of the Relationship between Rosacea and Headaches.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Skin Inflammation with a Focus on Wound Healing.Advances in wound care · 2023Review
- Article
- MMP-9 Levels in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Chilean Rosacea Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Cutaneous and ocular rosacea: Common and specific physiopathogenic mechanisms and study models.Molecular vision · 2021Review
- Article
- Recent advances in understanding and managing rosacea.F1000Research · 2018Review
- Rosacea: Molecular Mechanisms and Management of a Chronic Cutaneous Inflammatory Condition.International journal of molecular sciences · 2016Review
- Consensus on the therapeutic management of rosacea - Brazilian Society of Dermatology.Anais brasileiros de dermatologiaArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeRecent findings of increased cathelicidin protein and its proteolytic fragments in rosacea suggest a pathogenic role for cathelicidin in this disease. The relationship between cathelicidin and protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) is therefore of interest, as PAR-2, expressed principally in keratinocytes, regulates pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in the skin. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between expression of PAR-2 and cathelicidin in rosacea and to test the effect of direct PAR-2 activation on cathelicidin expression in keratinocytes. MATERIALS AND
methodsSamples from 40 patients with clinicopathologic diagnosis of rosacea and facial skin tissue samples from 20 patients with no specific findings or milium without inflammation were retrieved. Intensities of immunohistochemical staining for PAR-2 and cathelicidin were compared between normal and rosacea-affected skin tissues. Additionally, correlations between PAR-2 and cathelicidin staining intensities within rosacea patients were analyzed. In cultured keratinocytes, changes in PAR-2, cathelicidin, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA and protein were analyzed after treatment with PAR-2 activating peptide (AP).
resultsCathelicidin expression was significantly higher in rosacea skin tissues than in normal tissues (p<0.001), while PAR-2 expression was not significantly higher in rosacea tissues than in normal skin tissues. A positive correlation between PAR-2 and cathelicidin within rosacea samples was observed (R=0.330, p=0.037). After treatment of PAR-2 AP, both mRNA and protein levels for PAR-2, cathelicidin, and VEGF significantly increased in cultured keratinocytes, compared with PAR-2 control peptide treatment.
conclusionPAR-2 may participate in the pathogenesis of rosacea through activation of cathelicidin LL-37, a mediator of innate immune responses in the skin.
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