Observational studyClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2015
An observational, laboratory-based study of outbreaks of middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in Jeddah and Riyadh, kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2014.
Observational study in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 126 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
126 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- What Have We Learned About Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Emergence in Humans? A Systematic Literature Review.Vector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.) · 2019Pooled it
- Asymptomatic Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection: Extent and implications for infection control: A systematic review.Travel medicine and infectious diseasePooled it
- A Systematic Review of therapeutic agents for the treatment of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV).Travel medicine and infectious diseasePooled it
- Characterisation of Naturally Occurring MERS-CoV Spike Mutations and Their Impact on Fusion and Neutralisation.Viruses · 2026Article
- The impact of clade B lineage 5 MERS coronaviruses spike mutations from 2015 to 2023 on virus entry and replication competence.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Epidemiological Characteristics of MERS-CoV Human Cases, 2012- 2025.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2025Article
- Artificial intelligence in respiratory pandemics-ready for disease X? A scoping review.European radiology · 2025Article
- Ongoing Evolution of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, Saudi Arabia, 2023-2024.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- Colonization of bacterial and viral respiratory pathogens among healthcare workers in China during COVID-19 pandemic.Journal of oral microbiology · 2024Article
- Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is Not Circulating Among Hajj Pilgrims.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2023Article
- Development of a Tool to Measure Compliance with Infection Prevention Activities Against Emerging Respiratory Infectious Diseases among Nurses Working in Acute Care and Geriatric Hospitals.Annals of geriatric medicine and research · 2023Article
- Zoonotic diseases transmitted from the camels.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Review
- Global research trends in MERS-CoV: A comprehensive bibliometric analysis from 2012 to 2021.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Serosurvey for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus antibody in dromedary camels and human patients at a secondary care hospital, Illela, Northwest Nigeria.Comparative clinical pathology · 2022Article
- A genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies interactors of the autophagy pathway as conserved coronavirus targets.PLoS biology · 2021Article
- Functional comparison of MERS-coronavirus lineages reveals increased replicative fitness of the recombinant lineage 5.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Zoonotic coronavirus epidemics: Severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory syndrome, and coronavirus disease 2019.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2021Review
- Evolution, Ecology, and Zoonotic Transmission of Betacoronaviruses: A Review.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2021Review
- Finding disease outbreak locations from human mobility data.EPJ data science · 2021Article
66 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn spring 2014, a sudden rise in the number of notified Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections occurred across Saudi Arabia with a focus in Jeddah. Hypotheses to explain the outbreak pattern include increased surveillance, increased zoonotic transmission, nosocomial transmission, and changes in viral transmissibility, as well as diagnostic laboratory artifacts.
methodsDiagnostic results from Jeddah Regional Laboratory were analyzed. Viruses from the Jeddah outbreak and viruses occurring during the same time in Riyadh, Al-Kharj, and Madinah were fully or partially sequenced. A set of 4 single-nucleotide polymorphisms distinctive to the Jeddah outbreak were determined from additional viruses. Viruses from Riyadh and Jeddah were isolated and studied in cell culture.
resultsUp to 481 samples were received per day for reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing. A laboratory proficiency assessment suggested positive and negative results to be reliable. Forty-nine percent of 168 positive-testing samples during the Jeddah outbreak stemmed from King Fahd Hospital. All viruses from Jeddah were monophyletic and similar, whereas viruses from Riyadh were paraphyletic and diverse. A hospital-associated transmission cluster, to which cases in Indiana (United States) and the Netherlands belonged, was discovered in Riyadh. One Jeddah-type virus was found in Riyadh, with matching travel history to Jeddah. Virus isolates representing outbreaks in Jeddah and Riyadh were not different from MERS-CoV EMC/2012 in replication, escape of interferon response, or serum neutralization.
conclusionsVirus shedding and virus functions did not change significantly during the outbreak in Jeddah. These results suggest the outbreaks to have been caused by biologically unchanged viruses in connection with nosocomial transmission.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.