ReviewAmerican journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons2014
CD28 negative T cells: is their loss our gain?
Review in American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
86 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Impact of Age on the Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Based Combination Therapy for Non-small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Pooled it
- Systemic Blockade of Clever-1 Elicits Lymphocyte Activation Alongside Checkpoint Molecule Downregulation in Patients with Solid Tumors: Results from a Phase I/II Clinical Trial.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2021Trial
- First-in-human study of the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of ALPN-101, a dual CD28/ICOS antagonist, in healthy adult subjects.Clinical and translational science · 2021Trial
- mTOR Inhibitor Therapy Diminishes Circulating CD8+ CD28- Effector Memory T Cells and Improves Allograft Inflammation in Belatacept-refractory Renal Allograft Rejection.Transplantation · 2020Trial
- Tissue immune profiles supporting response to mesenchymal stromal cell therapy in acute graft-versus-host disease-a gut feeling.Stem cell research & therapy · 2019Trial
- Co-inhibitory profile and cytotoxicity of CD57Clinical and experimental immunology · 2018Trial
- Analysis of NFATc1 amplification in T cells for pharmacodynamic monitoring of tacrolimus in kidney transplant recipients.PloS one · 2018Trial
- Peripheral CD8⁺ T cell subsets and physical frailty in community-dwelling older Thai adults: the role of age and multimorbidity.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Low intensity vibration as a novel strategy to normalize age-related deficits in T cell proliferation, activation, and function.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- CD28 is Not Required for T cell Activation.Journal of cellular signaling · 2026Article
- Article
- Case Report: SAPHO syndrome mimicking osseous relapse after haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Abnormal T-Cell activation and cytotoxic T-Cell frequency discriminate symptom severity in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Mendelian randomization study revealed a gut microbiota-immune system-kidney junction axis in chronic kidney disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Associations of circulating T cell subsets with endothelial function: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2025Observational
- Dissecting the genetic basis and mechanisms underlying the associations between multiple extrahepatic factors and autoimmune liver diseases.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2025Article
- PD-1 blockade employed at the time CD8+ T cells are activated enhances their antitumor efficacy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- The Role of Abatacept on Inflammation and Fibrosis in Hypochlorous Acid-Induced Fibrosis Mice.International journal of rheumatic diseases · 2025Article
- Immunosenescence and age-related immune cells: causes of age-related diseases.Archives of pharmacal research · 2025Review
26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
CD28 is a primary costimulation molecule for T cell activation. However, during the course of activation some T cells lose this molecule and assume a CD28-independent existence. These CD28- T cells are generally antigen-experienced and highly differentiated. CD28- T cells are functionally heterogeneous. Their characteristics vary largely on the context in which they are found and range from having enhanced cytotoxic abilities to promoting immune regulation. Thus, CD28 loss appears to be more of a marker for advanced differentiation regardless of the cytotoxic or regulatory function being conducted by the T cell. CD28- T cells are now being recognized as playing significant roles in several human diseases. Various functional CD28- populations have been characterized in inflammatory conditions, infections and cancers. Of note, the recent introduction of costimulation blockade-based therapies, particularly those that inhibit CD28-B7 interactions, has made CD28 loss particularly relevant for solid organ transplantation. Certain CD28- T cell populations seem to promote allograft tolerance whereas others contribute to alloreactivity and costimulation blockade resistant rejection. Elucidating the interplay between these populations and characterizing the determinants of their ultimate function may have relevance for clinical risk stratification and personal determination of optimal posttransplant immune management.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.