ArticleAmerican journal of public health2014
Ethnic density and depressive symptoms among African Americans: threshold and differential effects across social and demographic subgroups.
Article in American journal of public health, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- How are social determinants of health integrated into epigenetic research? A systematic review.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2021Pooled it
- Ethnic density effects for adult mental health: systematic review and meta-analysis of international studies.Psychological medicine · 2018Pooled it
- Associations of racialized economic segregation with the prevalence of unhealthy behaviors and poor mental health in the United States.Preventive medicine reports · 2026Article
- Ethnic Density and Mental Health: Does it Matter Whether the Ethnic Density is Co-ethnic or Multi-ethnic and How Important is Change in Ethnic Density?Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Relationships between historical redlining, contemporary housing market dynamics, racial composition, and mental health in U.S. urban neighborhoods: A conditional process analysis.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Article
- Racial Residential Segregation and Mental Health During Pregnancy.JAMA health forum · 2024Article
- The social determinants of mental health and disorder: evidence, prevention and recommendations.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2024Article
- Perceived Neighborhood Racial Composition and Depressive Symptoms Among Black Americans Across Adulthood: Evaluating the Role of Psychosocial Risks and Resources.Journal of aging and health · 2023Article
- Structural Racism and Inequities in Incidence, Course of Illness, and Treatment of Psychotic Disorders Among Black Americans.American journal of public health · 2022Article
- Psychiatric and substance use disorders in a predominately low-income, black sample in early midlife.Journal of psychiatric research · 2022Article
- Racial Residential Segregation in Young Adulthood and Brain Integrity in Middle Age: Can We Learn From Small Samples?American journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Inequitable Housing Practices and Youth Internalizing Symptoms: Mediation Via Perceptions of Neighborhood Cohesion.Urban planning · 2022Article
- The double burden of racial discrimination in daily-life moments: Increases in negative emotions and depletion of psychosocial resources among emerging adult African Americans.Cultural diversity & ethnic minority psychology · 2021Article
- Association of Racial Residential Segregation Throughout Young Adulthood and Cognitive Performance in Middle-aged Participants in the CARDIA Study.JAMA neurology · 2020Article
- Changes in perceived neighborhood ethnic density among racial and ethnic minorities over time and psychotic-like experiences.Schizophrenia research · 2020Article
- An Examination of Preterm Birth and Residential Social Context among Black Immigrant Women in California, 2007-2010.Journal of community health · 2019Article
- Ethnicity, educational attainment, and physical health of older adults in the United States.Aging medicine (Milton (N.S.W)) · 2019Article
- Triple jeopardy: the joint impact of racial segregation and neighborhood poverty on the mental health of black Americans.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2019Article
- Environmental and Individual Predictors of Healthy Dietary Behaviors in a Sample of Middle Aged Hispanic and Caucasian Women.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- Blacks' Diminished Return of Education Attainment on Subjective Health; Mediating Effect of Income.Brain sciences · 2018Article
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3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesWe examined the association between Black ethnic density and depressive symptoms among African Americans. We sought to ascertain whether a threshold exists in the association between Black ethnic density and an important mental health outcome, and to identify differential effects of this association across social, economic, and demographic subpopulations.
methodsWe analyzed the African American sample (n = 3570) from the National Survey of American Life, which we geocoded to the 2000 US Census. We determined the threshold with a multivariable regression spline model. We examined differential effects of ethnic density with random-effects multilevel linear regressions stratified by sociodemographic characteristics.
resultsThe protective association between Black ethnic density and depressive symptoms changed direction, becoming a detrimental effect, when ethnic density reached 85%. Black ethnic density was protective for lower socioeconomic positions and detrimental for the better-off categories. The masking effects of area deprivation were stronger in the highest levels of Black ethnic density.
conclusionsAddressing racism, racial discrimination, economic deprivation, and poor services-the main drivers differentiating ethnic density from residential segregation-will help to ensure that the racial/ethnic composition of a neighborhood is not a risk factor for poor mental health.
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