Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25320874›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of public health2014

Confronting death from drug self-intoxication (DDSI): prevention through a better definition.

Ian R H Rockett, Gordon S Smith, Eric D Caine, Nestor D Kapusta, Randy L Hanzlick, G Luke Larkin, Charles P E Naylor, Kurt B Nolte, Ted R Miller, Sandra L Putnam and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of public health, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
36citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

36 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Association between undetermined intent death classification and county death investigation system for drug poisoning deaths in nine US jurisdictions.Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Hair cortisol concentrations as a putative biomarker for suicidal behavior.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026
    Article
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  5. Article
  6. Observational
  7. Article
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  9. Suicide and drug toxicity mortality in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: use of medical examiner data for public health in Nova Scotia.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2022
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Unrecognised self-injury mortality (SIM) trends among racial/ethnic minorities and women in the USA.Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2020
    Observational
  16. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Ian R H RockettIan R. H. Rockett is with the Department of Epidemiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown. Gordon S. Smith is with the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland, Baltimore. Eric D. Caine is with the Injury Control Research Center for Suicide Prevention, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY. Nestor D. Kapusta is with the Department of Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. Randy L. Hanzlick is with the Fulton County Medical Examiner's Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. G. Luke Larkin is with the Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. Charles P. E. Naylor is with the Forensic and Scientific Services, Department of Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Kurt B. Nolte is with the Office of the Medical Investigator, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque. Ted R. Miller is with the Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, MD. Sandra L. Putnam is with Social Solutions International, Silver Spring, MD. Diego De Leo is with the Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. John Kleinig is with the Department of Criminal Justice, City University of New York. Steven Stack is with the Department of Criminal Justice, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI. Knox H. Todd is with the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston. David W. Fraser is with the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia.
Gordon S Smith
Eric D Caine
Nestor D Kapusta
Randy L Hanzlick
G Luke Larkin
Charles P E Naylor
Kurt B Nolte
Ted R Miller
Sandra L Putnam
Diego De Leo
John Kleinig
Steven Stack
Knox H Todd
David W Fraser

Funding

CDC Injury Control Research Center for Preventing Suicide (CDC ICRC S)R49CE002093 · CE · UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER · PI CAINE, ERIC D. · 2012 to 2018
$5.6M
Alcohol Involvement in a Cohort of Trauma Patients: Trends and Future MortalityR01AA018707 · NIAAA · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI SMITH, GORDON STEPHEN · 2010 to 2014
$1.5M
ACL HHS R49CE002093NCIPC CDC HHS R49CE002093NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA018707NIAAA NIH HHS R01AA18707
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Suicide and other self-directed violence deaths are likely grossly underestimated, reflecting inappropriate classification of many drug intoxication deaths as accidents or unintentional and heterogeneous ascertainment and coding practices across states. As the tide of prescription and illicit drug-poisoning deaths is rising, public health and research needs would be better satisfied by considering most of these deaths a result of self-intoxication. Epidemiologists and prevention scientists could design better intervention strategies by focusing on premorbid behavior. We propose incorporating deaths from drug self-intoxication and investigations of all poisoning deaths into the National Violent Death Reporting System, which contains misclassified homicides and undetermined intent deaths, to facilitate efforts to comprehend and reverse the surging rate of drug intoxication fatalities.

Indexed as

Population SurveillanceSuicide PreventionCause of DeathDrug OverdoseFemaleHumansMalePoisoningSuicideTerminology as TopicUnited States

Identifiers

PMID25320874
PMCPMC4232143

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.