ArticleClimacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society2014
The estrogen receptor as a mediator of the pathological actions of cholesterol in breast cancer.
Article in Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Statin use and breast cancer-specific mortality and recurrence: a systematic review and meta-analysis including the role of immortal time bias and tumour characteristics.British journal of cancer · 2025Pooled it
- Association between serum lipids and breast cancer risk in premenopausal women: systematic review and meta-analysis.The Journal of international medical research · 2021Pooled it
- Life's Essential 8 and Cardiovascular Disease in Breast Cancer Survivors.Current cardiology reports · 2025Review
- Circulating 27-hydroxycholesterol, lipids, and steroid hormones in breast cancer risk: a nested case-control study of the Multiethnic Cohort Study.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2023Article
- The Molecular and Genetic Interactions between Obesity and Breast Cancer Risk.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Review
- Post-diagnostic statin use and breast cancer-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2023Article
- Statin use in patients with hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer treated with everolimus and exemestane.Cancer medicine · 2023Article
- Review
- STARD4 promotes breast cancer cell malignancy.Oncology reports · 2020Article
- Statin use and breast cancer recurrence in postmenopausal women treated with adjuvant aromatase inhibitors: a Danish population-based cohort study.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2020Article
- Ultra-early changes in vascular parameters from dynamic contrast enhanced MRI of breast cancer xenografts following systemic therapy with doxorubicin and liver X receptor agonist.Cancer imaging : the official publication of the International Cancer Imaging Society · 2019Article
- Statins: a role in breast cancer therapy?Journal of internal medicine · 2018Review
- Review
- The potential contribution of dietary factors to breast cancer prevention.European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation (ECP) · 2017Review
- Pre-diagnostic statin use, lymph node status and mortality in women with stages I-III breast cancer.British journal of cancer · 2017Article
- Is cholesterol a mediator of cold-induced cancer?Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine · 2016Article
- High Cholesterol Deteriorates Bone Health: New Insights into Molecular Mechanisms.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Despite increased survivorship among patients, breast cancer remains the most common cancer among women and is the second leading cause of cancer death in women. The magnitude of this problem provides a strong impetus for new chemopreventative strategies and/or lifestyle changes that reduce cancer incidence. It is of significance, therefore, that several studies positively correlate obesity to the development of breast cancer. Importantly, obesity is also highly associated with elevated cholesterol, and cholesterol itself is a risk factor for breast cancer. Furthermore, patients taking statins demonstrate a lower breast cancer incidence and decreased recurrence. The recent observation that 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC) is produced in a stoichiometric manner from cholesterol, together with our recent demonstration that it exerts partial agonist activity on both the estrogen and liver X receptors, suggested a potential mechanistic link between hyper-cholesterolemia and breast cancer incidence. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we have recently shown that elevation of circulating 27HC significantly increases tumor growth and metastasis in murine models of breast cancer. Further, we have demonstrated in appropriate animal models that the impact of high-fat diet on tumor pathogenesis can be mitigated by statins or by small molecule inhibitors of CYP27A1. These findings suggest that pharmacological or dietary modifications that lower total cholesterol, and by inference 27HC, are likely to reduce the impact of obesity/metabolic syndrome on breast cancer incidence.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.