ArticleInternational journal for equity in health2014
Trends in and socio-demographic factors associated with caesarean section at a Tanzanian referral hospital, 2000 to 2013.
Article in International journal for equity in health, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Caesarean delivery and its association with educational attainment, wealth index, and place of residence in Sub-Saharan Africa: a meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- Caesarean section in uninsured women in the USA: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2019Pooled it
- Road traffic injury in sub-Saharan African countries: A systematic review and summary of observational studies.Traffic injury prevention · 2017Pooled it
- Geospatial inequalities and determinants of caesarean section delivery in sub-Saharan Africa: a multi-country analysis.Global health action · 2026Article
- Evidence on prevalence of caesarean sections and factors influencing uptake in Ghana: a scoping review.Reproductive health · 2026Article
- Evidence on prevalence of caesarean sections and factors influencing uptake in Ghana: a scoping review protocol.Global health action · 2025Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with caesarean section among Tanzanian women of reproductive age: evidence from the 2022 Tanzania demographic and health survey data.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Factors associated with caesarean sections among pregnant women admitted to a private academic hospital in Ongwediva, Oshana region, Namibia.Journal of public health in Africa · 2023Article
- Individual and community-level factors associated with caesarean section in Haiti: secondary analysis of data from the 2016-2017 Haitian Demographic and Health Survey.Tropical medicine and health · 2023Article
- Rural-urban disparities in caesarean deliveries in sub-Saharan Africa: a multivariate non-linear decomposition modelling of Demographic and Health Survey data.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Article
- Preferred mode of childbirth among women attending antenatal clinic at a tertiary hospital in Ghana: a cross-sectional study.African health sciences · 2022Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with caesarean section in Rwanda: a trend analysis of Rwanda demographic and health survey 2000 to 2019-20.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Article
- Cervical Spine Trauma in East Africa: Presentation, Treatment, and Mortality.International journal of spine surgery · 2021Article
- Association between migration status and caesarean section delivery based on a modified Robson classification in China.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2021Article
- Trends and correlates of cesarean section rates over two decades in Nepal.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2020Article
- Verbal/social autopsy analysis of causes and determinants of under-5 mortality in Tanzania from 2010 to 2016.Journal of global health · 2020Article
- Perinatal HIV Transmission Prevention: Challenges among Women Living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa.International journal of MCH and AIDS · 2020Article
- Observational
- Determinants of trends in neonatal, post-neonatal, infant, child and under-five mortalities in Tanzania from 2004 to 2016.BMC public health · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCaesarean section (CS) can prevent maternal or fetal complications. Sub-Saharan Africa has the lowest CS levels in the world but large variations are seen between and within countries. The tertiary hospital, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC) in Tanzania has had a high level of CS over years. The aim of this study was to examine trends in the socio-demographic background of babies born at KCMC from year 2000 to 2013, and trends in the CS percentage, and to identify socio-demographic factors associated with CS at KCMC during this period.
methodsThis is a registry-based study. The analyses were limited to singletons born by women from Moshi urban and rural districts. The Chi square test for linear trend was used to examine trends in the CS percentage and trends in the socio-demographic background of the baby. The association between different socio-demographic factors and CS was assessed using logistic regression. The analyses were stratified by the mother's residence.
resultsThe educational level of mothers and fathers and the age of the mothers of singletons born at KCMC increased significantly from year 2000 to 2013 both among urban and rural residents. Among 29,752 singletons, the overall CS percentage was 28.9%, and there was no clear trend in the overall CS percentage between 2000 and 2013. In the multivariable model, factors associated with higher odds of CS were: having been referred for delivery, maternal age above 25 and no- or primary education level of the baby's father. Among rural mothers, no- or primary education, being from the Pare tribe and para 2-3 were also associated with higher odds of CS. Being from the Chagga tribe and high parity were associated with lower odds of CS compared to other tribes and parity 1.
conclusionsThe CS percentage remained high but stable over time. Large variations in CS levels between different socio-demographic groups were observed. The educational level of the parents of babies born at KCMC increased over time, possibly reflecting persistent inequitable access to the services offered at the hospital.
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