ArticleBMC pharmacology & toxicology2014
A protocol for the delivery of cannabidiol (CBD) and combined CBD and ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) by vaporisation.
Article in BMC pharmacology & toxicology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Acute effects of ΔPsychopharmacology · 2022Trial
- A randomised controlled trial of vaporised ΔEuropean archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2019Trial
- Cannabinoid Therapies in Less-Common Disorders: Clinical Evidence and Formulation Strategies.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Cannabinoids in Medicine: A Multifaceted Exploration of Types, Therapeutic Applications, and Emerging Opportunities in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Cancer Therapy.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- The Use of Cannabidiol in Patients With Low Back Pain Caused by Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: An Observational Study.Cureus · 2022Article
- Cannabidiol (CBD) in Rheumatic Diseases (Musculoskeletal Pain).Current rheumatology reports · 2022Review
- Medicinal Cannabis and Central Nervous System Disorders.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Carbonyl Compounds in Mainstream Smoke of Hemp Cigarettes.Cannabis and cannabinoid research · 2021Article
- Disposition of Phytocannabinoids, Their Acidic Precursors and Their Metabolites in Biological Matrices of Healthy Individuals Treated with Vaporized Medical Cannabis.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Cannabis and Driving.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Review
- Development of a Vaping Machine for the Sampling of THC and CBD Aerosols Generated by Two Portable Dry Herb Cannabis Vaporisers.Medical cannabis and cannabinoids · 2020Article
- Cannabis and Its Secondary Metabolites: Their Use as Therapeutic Drugs, Toxicological Aspects, and Analytical Determination.Medicines (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- The pharmacokinetics and the pharmacodynamics of cannabinoids.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2018Review
- Cannabinoid Delivery Systems for Pain and Inflammation Treatment.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Review
- Therapeutic Cannabis and Endocannabinoid Signaling System Modulator Use in Otolaryngology Patients.Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology · 2018Review
- The effects of cannabidiol on impulsivity and memory during abstinence in cigarette dependent smokers.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Second-Hand Exposure of Staff Administering Vaporised Cannabinoid Products to Patients in a Hospital Setting.Drugs in R&D · 2018Article
- Article
- A user's guide to cannabinoid therapies in oncology.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2016Review
- Drug vaping applied to cannabis: Is "Cannavaping" a therapeutic alternative to marijuana?Scientific reports · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSignificant interest has emerged in the therapeutic and interactive effects of different cannabinoids. Cannabidiol (CBD) has been shown to have anxiolytic and antipsychotic effects with high doses administered orally. We report a series of studies conducted to determine the vaporisation efficiency of high doses of CBD, alone and in combination with ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), to achieve faster onset effects in experimental and clinical trials and emulate smoked cannabis.
methodsPurified THC and CBD (40 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml respectively) were loaded onto a liquid absorbing pad in a Volcano vaporiser, vaporised and the vapours quantitatively analysed. Preliminary studies determined 200 mg CBD to be the highest dose effectively vaporised at 230 ° C, yielding an availability of approximately 40% in the vapour phase. Six confirmatory studies examined the quantity of each compound delivered when 200 mg or 4 mg CBD was loaded together with 8 mg of THC.
resultsTHC showed 55% availability when vaporised alone or with low dose CBD, while large variation in the availability of high dose CBD impacted upon the availability of THC when co-administered, with each compound affecting the vaporisation efficiency of the other in a dynamic and dose-dependent manner. We describe optimised protocols that enable delivery of 160 mg CBD through vaporisation.
conclusionsWhile THC administration by vaporisation is increasingly adopted in experimental studies, often with oral predosing with CBD to examine interactive effects, no studies to date have reported the administration of CBD by vaporisation. We report the detailed methodology aimed at optimising the efficiency of delivery of therapeutic doses of CBD, alone and in combination with THC, by vaporisation. These protocols provide a technical advance that may inform methodology for clinical trials in humans, especially for examining interactions between THC and CBD and for therapeutic applications of CBD.
trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN24109245.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.