ArticleeLife2014
Female resistance to pneumonia identifies lung macrophage nitric oxide synthase-3 as a therapeutic target.
Article in eLife, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors for pneumonia after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2025Pooled it
- Best Practices in the Development and Use of Experimental Models of Bacterial Pneumonia: An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2025Article
- Estrogen and bacterial infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Predicting Drug Resistance: The Use of Novel Inflammatory Markers in Identifying ESBL-ProducingJournal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- The conneXion between sex and immune responses.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- Sex differences in immune protection in mice conferred by heterologous vaccines for pneumonic plague.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Influence of Sex and Sex-Based Disparities on Prevalent Tuberculosis, Vietnam, 2017-2018.Emerging infectious diseases · 2023Article
- NLRP3 inflammasome activation in cigarette smoke priming for Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced acute lung injury.Redox biology · 2022Article
- Diet-induced obesity in mice impairs host defense againstAmerican journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2022Article
- Estradiol AggravateFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Article
- Estradiol resolves pneumonia via ERβ in regulatory T cells.JCI insight · 2021Article
- Decoding the Mechanism of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction in Treating Pneumonia Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Article
- Network pharmacology to dissect the mechanisms of Yinlai Decoction for pneumonia.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2020Article
- Are There Sex-Specific Differences in Response to Adjunctive Host-Directed Therapies for Tuberculosis?Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Delayed Administration of Recombinant Plasma Gelsolin Improves Survival in a Murine Model of Penicillin-Susceptible and Penicillin-Resistant Pneumococcal Pneumonia.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Alveolar Macrophage Apoptosis-associated Bacterial Killing Helps Prevent Murine Pneumonia.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2019Article
- Sex differences in tuberculosis.Seminars in immunopathology · 2019Review
- Host Nitric Oxide Disrupts Microbial Cell-to-Cell Communication to Inhibit Staphylococcal Virulence.Cell host & microbe · 2018Article
- Innate Sex Bias ofJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 7 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
To identify new approaches to enhance innate immunity to bacterial pneumonia, we investigated the natural experiment of gender differences in resistance to infections. Female and estrogen-treated male mice show greater resistance to pneumococcal pneumonia, seen as greater bacterial clearance, diminished lung inflammation, and better survival. In vitro, lung macrophages from female mice and humans show better killing of ingested bacteria. Inhibitors and genetically altered mice identify a critical role for estrogen-mediated activation of lung macrophage nitric oxide synthase-3 (NOS3). Epidemiologic data show decreased hospitalization for pneumonia in women receiving estrogen or statins (known to activate NOS3). Pharmacologic targeting of NOS3 with statins or another small-molecule compound (AVE3085) enhanced macrophage bacterial killing, improved bacterial clearance, and increased host survival in both primary and secondary (post-influenza) pneumonia. The data identify a novel mechanism for host defense via NOS3 and suggest a potential therapeutic strategy to reduce secondary bacterial pneumonia after influenza.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.