ReviewJournal of behavioral addictions2014
Hatching the behavioral addiction egg: Reward Deficiency Solution System (RDSS)™ as a function of dopaminergic neurogenetics and brain functional connectivity linking all addictions under a common rubric.
Review in Journal of behavioral addictions, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 122 citations in OpenAlex.
- A meta-analysis of the relationship between brain dopamine receptors and obesity: a matter of changes in behavior rather than food addiction?International journal of obesity (2005) · 2016Pooled it
- rsfMRI effects of KB220Z™ on neural pathways in reward circuitry of abstinent genotyped heroin addicts.Postgraduate medicine · 2015Trial
- Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS): A Common Neurogenetic Trait/State of All Addictions: Is this the new DSM?British journal of healthcare and medical research · 2026Article
- Exploring the relationship between boredom proneness and short-form videos addiction among Chinese college students through a moderated mediation model.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Exploring dopamine as the master regulator of brain circuitry and mental health genome.Gene & protein in disease · 2025Article
- Psychometric properties of the Reward Deficiency Syndrome Questionnaire among a non-clinical sample and its relationship with the characteristics of potentially addictive behaviors.Addictive behaviors reports · 2025Article
- Neurospirituality Connectome - Role in Neurology and Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS).Neurology (E-Cronicon) · 2025Article
- Addressing cortex dysregulation in youth through brain health check coaching and prophylactic brain development.INNOSC theranostics & pharmacological sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Solving the Global Opioid Crisis: Incorporating Genetic Addiction Risk Assessment with Personalized Dopaminergic Homeostatic Therapy and Awareness Integration Therapy.Journal of addiction psychiatry · 2024Article
- Prenatal Effects of Nicotine on Obesity Risks: A Narrative Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Precision Behavioral Management (PBM) and Cognitive Control as a Potential Therapeutic and Prophylactic Modality for Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS): Is There Enough Evidence?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) Surprisingly Is Evolutionary and Found Everywhere: Is It "Blowin' in the Wind"?Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS): A Cytoarchitectural Common Neurobiological Trait of All Addictions.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Enhanced heroin self-administration and distinct dopamine adaptations in female rats.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2021Article
- COVID-19 Related Distress in Gambling Disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- Biotechnical development of genetic addiction risk score (GARS) and selective evidence for inclusion of polymorphic allelic risk in substance use disorder (SUD).Journal of systems and integrative neuroscience · 2020Article
- Co-occurrences of substance use and other potentially addictive behaviors: Epidemiological results from the Psychological and Genetic Factors of the Addictive Behaviors (PGA) Study.Journal of behavioral addictions · 2020Article
- Nonmedical Use of Prescription Stimulants Among US High School Students to Help Study: Results From a National Survey.Journal of pharmacy practice · 2020Article
- Proposing FDA consideration for the treatment and prophylaxis of opioid and psychostimulant abuse to incorporate the induction of DNA guided dopamine homeostasis: Anti-reward deficiency restoration solution (ARDS).Journal of systems and integrative neuroscience · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFollowing the first association between the dopamine D2 receptor gene polymorphism and severe alcoholism, there has been an explosion of research reports in the psychiatric and behavioral addiction literature and neurogenetics. With this increased knowledge, the field has been rife with controversy. Moreover, with the advent of Whole Genome-Wide Studies (GWAS) and Whole Exome Sequencing (WES), along with Functional Genome Convergence, the multiple-candidate gene approach still has merit and is considered by many as the most prudent approach. However, it is the combination of these two approaches that will ultimately define real, genetic allelic relationships, in terms of both risk and etiology. Since 1996, our laboratory has coined the umbrella term Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) to explain the common neurochemical and genetic mechanisms involved with both substance and non-substance, addictive behaviors.
methodsThis is a selective review of peer-reviewed papers primary listed in Pubmed and Medline.
resultsA review of the available evidence indicates the importance of dopaminergic pathways and resting-state, functional connectivity of brain reward circuits. DISCUSSION: Importantly, the proposal is that the real phenotype is RDS and impairments in the brain's reward cascade, either genetically or environmentally (epigenetically) induced, influence both substance and non-substance, addictive behaviors. Understanding shared common mechanisms will ultimately lead to better diagnosis, treatment and prevention of relapse. While, at this juncture, we cannot as yet state that we have "hatched the behavioral addiction egg", we are beginning to ask the correct questions and through an intense global effort will hopefully find a way of "redeeming joy" and permitting homo sapiens live a life, free of addiction and pain.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.